Small Pack Antibodies

HPA008874 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

FDFT1 (farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1) is also known as squalene synthase (SS), and is an essential enzyme of the cholesterol biogenesis pathway. This protein has a putative molecular weight of 48,041 and is composed of 417 amino acids. Two variants of FDFT1 mRNA are found in humans, which differ at their 3′ untranslated regions. They are of 2kb and 1.55kb and are equally expressed in heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas and placenta. However, the 2kb transcript is abundant in heart and skeletal muscle.

Squalene synthetase recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

Anti-FDFT1 antibody produced in rabbit, a Prestige Antibody, is developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),. Each antibody is tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues. These images can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. The antibodies are also tested using immunofluorescence and western blotting. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
FDFT1 (farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1) enzyme catalyzes the first committed reaction in steroid/hopanoid pathways. It catalyzes the conversion of two farnesyl diphosphates (FPPs) into squalene. It is also thought to be involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, where it might be responsible for the production of carotenoid dehydrosqualene. It determines the fate towards sterol synthesis. In prostate cancer cells, its expression is elevated by androgens, which are mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway intermediates which facilitate cholesterol synthesis. Thus, this enzyme might be implicated in cholesterol synthesis in cancer cells, and might be a therapeutic target for antineoplastic strategies. In chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, this protein is linked with advanced fibrosis in non-steatotic subgroup. Overexpression of FDFT1 results in elevated activation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α receptor 1 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways and increased expression of MMP (matrix metallopeptidase) 1, which in turn facilitates the metastasis of lung cancer.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST86797,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

Prestige Antibodies is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:200
immunogen sequence	PEEFYNLVRFRIGGKRKVMPKMDQDSLSSSLKTCYKYLNQTSRSFAAVIQALDGEMRNAVCIFYLVLRALDTLEDDMTISVEKKVPLLHNFHSFLYQPDWRFMESKEKDRQVLEDFPTISLEFRNLAEKYQTVIADICR
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P37268,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... FDFT1(2222)

Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1 (UniProt: Q9QXJ1; also known as Protein FE65) is encoded by the Apbb1 (also known as FE65) gene (Gene ID: 11785) in murine species. FF65 is an adapter protein that forms a transcriptionally active complex with the gamma-secretase-derived amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular domain. It is selectively expressed in the brain with high expression in regions affected in Alzheimer s disease. FE65 is phosphorylated at Threonine 579 by GSK-3 beta, which potentiates gamma and beta secretase-mediated APP processing and beta-amyloid liberation. This phosphorylation is also reported enhance FE65/APP complex formation. FE65 also plays a central role in the response to DNA damage by translocating to the nucleus and inducing apoptosis. FE65 may act by specifically recognizing and binding histone H2AX phosphorylated on Tyrosine 142 (H2AXY142ph) at double-strand breaks, recruiting other pro-apoptosis factors such as MAPK8/JNK1. FE65 contains an N-terminal WW domain (aa 253-285) and two C-terminal phosphotyrosine interaction domains (aa 370-509, PID1 and aa 542-699, PID2). (Ref.: Lee, YS et al. (2017). Sci. Rep. 7(1):12456).
Specificity
Clone 3H6 specifically detects Protein FE65 in murine and human cells.

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-FE65 Antibody, clone 3H6

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

Epitope: cytoplasmic domain
GST-tgged recombinant fragment corresponding to 40 amino acids from the N-terminal half of murine Protein FE65.

Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:500 dilution from a representative lot detected FE65 in Tissue extracts of wild type (WT), Fe65 KO, Fe65L1 KO, and Fe65/Fe65L1 DKO mouse brains. (Courtesy of Univ. Prof. Dr. (PhD) Stefan Kins, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany).
Anti-FE65, clone 3H6, Cat. No. 05-758-I, is a highly specific mouse monoclonal antibody that targets FE65 and has been tested for use in Western Blotting.
Research Category
Neuroscience
Quality
Isotype testing: Identity Confirmation by Isotyping Test.
Isotype Analysis: The identity of this monoclonal antibody is confirmed by isotyping test to be mouse IgG2b .
Target description
~97 kDa observed; 77.38 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Format: Purified
Purified mouse monoclonal antibody IgG2b in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide
Protein G purified
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.

Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	3H6, monoclonal
species reactivity	mouse, human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
application(s)	western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG2b
NCBI accession no.	NP_001240814.1,
UniProt accession no.	Q9QXJ1,

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Anti-FER antibody produced in rabbit

HPA007641 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

FER (fer (fps/fes related) tyrosine kinase) gene encodes a non-transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the FPS/FES family. The protein has a molar mass of 94kDa and contains a short, basic C-terminal tail and a large N-terminal hydrophilic domain that is similar to the 92kDa protein encoded by the mammalian c-fps/fes proto-oncogene. It contains a single SH2 domain.

Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase FER recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
FER (fer (fps/fes related) tyrosine kinase) contains a coiled coil sequence that interacts with a catenin-like substrate pp120 and mediates cell-cell signaling. It is localized to the cytoplasmic fraction and interacts with actin-binding protein cortactin to form a complex. It functions in the growth factor-dependent phosphorylation of cortactin and mediates signaling from the cell surface to the cytoskeleton. The Fer protein that is localized on microtubules phosphorylates platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, a part of intercellular junctions that mediates intracellular signaling cascades. It phosphorylates plakoglobin, a protein that links E-cadherin and α-catenin, and enhances the binding of plakoglobin to α-catenin, thereby increasing the transcriptional activity of the β-catenin-Tcf-4 complex that is commonly found in many epithelial tumor cells. It mediates phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in suspended hepatocytes leading to multiple membrane protrusions and regulation of cell morphology.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST71432,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:200-1:500
immunogen sequence	QVMLKTLAEELMQTQQMLLNKEEAVLELEKRIEESSETCEKKSDIVLLLSQKQALEELKQSVQQLRCTEAKFSAQKELLEQKVQENDGKEPPPVVNYEEDARSVTSMERKERLSKFESIRHSIAGIIRSPKS
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P16591,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... FER(2241)

Ferrochelatase, mitochondrial (UniProt: P22830; also known as EC: 4.99.1.1, Heme synthase, Protoheme ferro-lyase) is encoded by the FECH gene (Gene ID: 2235) in human. Ferrochelatase catalyzes the terminal reaction of the heme biosynthetic pathway in all cells. It catalyzes the insertion of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX, yielding heme. In eukaryotic cells, it is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane with its active site facing the mitochondrial matrix. Human ferrochelatase is a homodimer with each subunit composed of five regions: a mitochondrial localization sequence, the N terminal domain, two folded domains, and a C terminal extension. The active pocket of ferrochelatase consists of two hydrophobic "lips" and a hydrophilic interior. The hydrophobic lips face the inner mitochondrial membrane and facilitate the passage of the poorly soluble protoporphyrin IX substrate and the heme product via the membrane. Reduced levels of ferrochelatase activity are observed in patients with protoporphyria. Point-mutations in the FECH gene are reported to be associated with certain cases of erythropoietic protoporphyria.
Specificity
This polyclonal antibody detects ferrochelatase in human and murine species. It targets the mature form of ferrochelatase.

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Ferrochelatase

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

Flag-tagged recombinant fragment corresponding to the mature mitochondrial form containing 369 amino acids (aa 55-423) from human Ferrochelatase.

Anti-Ferrochelatase, Cat. No. ABS2124, is a rabbit polyclonal antibody that detects Ferrochelatase, mitochondrial. It has been tested for use in Immunoprecipitation and Western Blotting.
Immunoprecipitation Analysis: A representative lot detected Ferrochelatase in differentiated mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells (Karr, S.R., et. al. (1988). Biochem J. 254(3):799-803).
Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected Ferrochelatase in differentiated mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and transfected heterologous cells. (Chen, W., et. al. (2010). Blood. 116(4):628-30; Anand, S., et. al. (2009). Clin Cancer Res. 15(10):3333-43; Medlock, A.E., et. al. (2015). PLoS One. 10(8):e0135896).
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in K562 cell lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution of this antibody detected Ferrochelatase in 10 µg of K562 cell lysate.
Target description
~43 kDa observed; 47.86 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).

Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	serum
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
species reactivity	mouse, human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	immunoprecipitation (IP): suitable","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG
NCBI accession no.	NP_000131,
UniProt accession no.	P22830,
shipped in	ambient

Fetuin A, also known as Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG), Alpha-2-Z-globulin or Ba-alpha-2-glycoprotein, is a member of the cystatin superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors. Fetuin A is a secreted calcium-regulatory glycoprotein produced by liver Hepatocytes. It is cleaved into two chains bound by disulfide bonds and inhibits ectopic CaxPO4 ion precipitation and vascular calcification.
Monoclonal Anti-Fetuin A (mouse IgM isotype) is derived from the Fet A-M hybridoma, produced by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells and splenocytes from a BALB/C mouse immunized with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the internal region of human AHSG (Fetuin A), conjugated to KLH as immunogen. Fetuin A is a 64 kDa protein, predominantly localized to the blood.
Specificity
Monoclonal Anti-Fetuin A specifically recognizes Fetuin A from human plasma.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Fetuin A antibody, Mouse monoclonal

Synthetic peptide corresponding to human Fution A internal region, conjugated to KLH

The antibody is recommended for use in various immunological techniques including Immunoblotting, Immunohistochemistry and ELISA.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Fetuin A is consider to be a negative acute-phase reactant and its serum concentration decreases in response to inflammation, compared with normal levels. In addition, it acts as a mineral chaperone to facilitate the transport and removal of potentially proinflammatory and procalcific cargo (waste).Fetuin A plays a major role in numerous diseases and pathophysiological conditions involved with calcium metabolisms.
Fetuin A is a secreted calcium-regulatory glycoprotein produced by liver hepatocytes. It is cleaved into two chains bound by disulphide bonds and inhibits ectopic CaxPO4 ion precipitation and vascular calcification.
Reduction in the serum fetuin might indicate coronary artery disease. Fetuin is also implicated in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Increased levels of fetuin A is observed in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Physical form
Supplied as a solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide as a preservative.
Storage and Stability
For continuous use, store at 2-8°C for up to one month. For extended storage, freeze in working aliquots. Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. If slight turbidity occurs upon prolonged storage, clarify the solution by centrifugation before use. Working dilution samples should be discarded if not used within 12 hours.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified from hybridoma cell culture
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	FetA-M, monoclonal
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
concentration	~1 mg/mL
application(s)	immunoblotting: 2-4 µg/mL using Human serum
isotype	IgM
conjugate	(KLH)
UniProt accession no.	P02765,
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... AHSG(197)

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-FEZ2 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA035978 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 2 (zygin II) recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST86870,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:200-1:500
immunogen sequence	GSYEERVKRLSVSELNEILEEIETAIKEYSEELVQQLALRDELEFEKEVKNSFISVLIEVQNKQKEHKETAKKKKKLKNGSSQNGKNERSHMPGTYLTTVIPYEKKNGPPSVEDLQILTKILRAMKEDSEKVPSLLTDYIL
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q9UHY8,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... FEZ2(9637)

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (UniProt: Q9GZV9; also known as FGF-23, Phosphatonin, Tumor-derived hypophosphatemia-inducing factor) is encoded by the FGF23 (also known as HYPF, UNQ3027/PRO9828) gene (Gene ID: 8074) in human. FGF23 is a growth factor that is produced primarily in the bone tissue and its primary hormonal function is to regulate phosphate homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism. Unlike other FGFs, it has a low affinity for heparin sulfate, which allows it to enter the circulation and act as an endocrine hormone. It inhibits renal tubular phosphate transport by reducing sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2A (SLC34A1) levels. FGF23 binding to FGFR requires a coreceptor, Klotho, which acts as a scaffold for docking with FGFR1. Together with Klotho, it modulates phosphate reabsorption and both 1 hydroxylation and 24hydroxylation in the renal proximal tubules. FGF23 is reported to inhibit the expression of 1 hydroxylase while increasing the expression of 24hydroxylase, thus reducing the concentration of active 1,25(OH)2D. It can also act directly on the parathyroid to reduce parathyroid hormone secretion. (Ref.: Almel, EA., et al. (2019). J. Bone Min. Res (JMBR Plus). 3(8): e10190).
Specificity
Clone 278.2 is a mouse monoclonal antibody that detects human Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23).

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-FGF23 Antibody, clone 278-2

Recombinant human Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23).

Anti-FGF23, clone 278-2, Cat. No. MABS460-I, is a mouse monoclonal antibody that detects Fibroblast growth factor 23 and is tested for use in Flow Cytometry and Western Blotting.
Quality Control Testing
Evaluated by Western Blotting in Human brain tissue lysates.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution of this antibody detected FGF23 in Human brain tissue lysates.
Tested Applications:
Flow Cytometry Analysis (FC): 1 µg of this antibody detected Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in one million Jurkat cells pretreated with Brefeldin A (1 µg/mL 4 h).
Physical form
Purified mouse monoclonal antibody IgG1 in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Storage and Stability
Recommend storage at +2°C to +8°C. For long term storage antibodies can be kept at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (UniProt: P22455; also known as EC: 2.7.10.1, FGFR-4, CD334) is encoded by the FGRF4 (also known as JTK2, TKF) gene (Gene ID: 2264) in human. FGFR-4 is a highly conserved, single-pass type I membrane protein with tyrosine kinase activity that serves as a cell surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and regulates cell proliferation differentiation, and migration. FGFR-4 is expressed in gastrointestinal epithelial cells, pancreas, and gastric and pancreatic cancer cell lines. In the absence of a ligand, it is present as a monomer in an inactive conformation. Upon ligand binding it homodimerizes into an active conformation with autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues. FGFR-4 is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-21), which is subsequently cleaved off in the mature form. It contains an extracellular domain (aa 22-369), a transmembrane domain (aa 370-390), and a cytoplasmic domain (aa 391-802). FGFR-4 undergoes N-glycosylation, and when not fully glycosylated it can undergo proteasomal degradation. FGFR-4 signaling is down-regulated by receptor internalization and degradation. MMP14 is reported to promote internalization and degradation of FGFR-4. Mutations that lead to constitutive kinase activation or impair normal FGFR-4 inactivation lead to aberrant signaling leading to tumor growth. (Ref.: Turkington, RC et al. (2014). Cell Death Dis. 5; e1046).
Specificity
This rabbit monoclonal antibody detects human fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR-4). It targets an epitope with in the extracellular domain.

Quality Level	200
biological source	human
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	278-2, monoclonal
mol wt	calculated mol wt 27.95 kDa","observed mol wt ~37 kDa
purified by	using protein G
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 100 µg
application(s)	flow cytometry: suitable","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG1
epitope sequence	Unknown
conjugate	unconjugated
Protein ID accession no.	NP_065689,
UniProt accession no.	Q9GZV9,
shipped in	2-8°C
Gene Information	human ... FGF23(8074)

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Anti-FGFR-4 Antibody, clone 29.2

Epitope: extracellular domain
His-tagged recombinant extracellular domain of human fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR-4).

Anti-FGFR-4, clone 29.2, Cat. No. MABC1127, is a rabbit monoclonal antibody that detects Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 and has been tested for use in Flow Cytometry.
Flow Cytometry Analysis: A 1:4 dilution from a representative lot detected FGFR-4 in one million LNCaP cells.
Research Category
Signaling
Quality
Evaluated by Flow Cytometry in DU-145 cells.
Flow Cytometry Analysis: A 1:4 dilution of this antibody detected FGFR-4 in one million DU-145 cells.
Target description
87.95 kDa calculated.
Physical form
Rabbit monoclonal antibody in supernatant without preservatives.
Unpurified
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at -20°C from date of receipt. Handling Recommendations: Upon receipt and prior to removing the cap, centrifuge the vial and gently mix the solution. Aliquot into microcentrifuge tubes and store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles, which may damage IgG and affect product performance.

biological source	rabbit
antibody form	culture supernatant
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	29.2, monoclonal
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	flow cytometry: suitable
isotype	IgG
NCBI accession no.	NP_001278909,
UniProt accession no.	P22455,
Gene Information	human ... FGFR4(2264)

Formin homology domain protein 1 (FHOD1) is an important endothelial formin. It is also called as Fhos1. FHOD1 is located on human chromosome 16q22.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-FHOD1 antibody produced in rabbit

Anti-FHOD1 antibody has been used in western blotting.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Formin homology domain protein 1 (FHOD1) participates in actin reorganization in vascular endothelial cells, stimulated by thrombin. It plays an important role in the generation of stress fibres in vascular endothelial cells. FHOD1 is considered as a therapeutic target to modulate endothelial permeability.

ExtrAvidin is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	200
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous solution
mol wt	~130 kDa
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
concentration	~1.0 mg/mL
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: 10-20 µg/mL using heat-retrieved formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human spleen sections and biotin, ExtrAvidin^® peroxidase staining system","western blot: 0.5-1.0 µg/mL using whole extracts of human K562 cells
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q9Y613,
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... FHOD1(29109)

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR-1) belongs to the family of FGFRs. At the mRNA level, FGFR-1 is highly expressed in developing human tissues including the brain (preferentially in neurons), vascular basement membranes, skin, and bone growth plates.
Specificity
Anti-FGFR-1 antibody is specific for human FGFR-1 and does not react with human FGFR-2 and FGFR-3. The immunizing peptide specifically inhibits the staining of anti-FGFR-1 antibody.
Staining of the product is specifically inhibited with the FGFR-1 immunizing peptide. No reaction with human FGFR-2 and FGFR-3 is detected.
No reaction with FGFR-2 (Bek) and FGFR-3 is detected.

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 antibody produced in rabbit

MDL number:	MFCD00675556
NACRES:	NA.41

Synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid residues 360-373 of the extracellular region of human FGFR-1 conjugated to KLH with glutaraldehyde, and with a C-terminally added lysine.

Anti-Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 antibody produced in rabbit has been used in:

immunoprecipitation
immunofluorocytochemistry
immunohistochemistry
immunoblotting

Physical form
Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 1% bovine serum albumin and 15 mM sodium azide.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	200
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous solution
mol wt	antigen 110-120 kDa
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
concentration	~1 mg/mL
application(s)	immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): 1:200 using trypsin-digested human and animal tissue sections","immunoprecipitation (IP): suitable","western blot: 1:400 using an extract of FGFR-1 transfected cells
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P11362,
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... FGFR1(2260)

A surface protein characterizing human fibroblasts and fibroblast cell lines, as well as tissue macrophages and 95% of the peripheral blood monocytes. This fibroblast protein antigen has also been demonstrated on malignant fibrosarcoma tissue, human synovial, foreskin and thymic fibroblasts and it is absent from human epithelial cells and lymphocytes.
Specificity
Monoclonal Anti-Human Fibroblast Surface Protein specifically recognizes human fibroblast cells, tissue macrophages and peripheral monocytes .Due to its specific reaction against human fibroblasts, the antibody is useful for removal of fibroblasts from human cultured cells either by inhibition of fibroblasts adherence to the culture vessel or by cytotoxic effect in the presence of rabbit complement.

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 2
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Fibroblast Surface Protein antibody, Mouse monoclonal

Cultured human thymic fibroblasts

The antibody is recommended for use in various immunological techniques including Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Overgrowth of epithelial cells by fibroblasts has long been an obstacle to cultivation of normal and abnormal epithelial cells.Characterization and identification of cells is important for studying functional significance, correlation of cultures with tissue origin, identification of the lineage to which the cells belongs to or identifying the precursor status of the cells.
Physical form
Supplied as a solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide as a preservative.
Storage and Stability
For continuous use, store at 2-8°C for up to one month. For extended storage, freeze in working aliquots. Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. If slight turbidity occurs upon prolonged storage, clarify the solution by centrifugation before use. Working dilution samples should be discarded if not used within 12 hours.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified from hybridoma cell culture
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	1B10, monoclonal
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 μL
concentration	~ 1 mg/mL
application(s)	immunofluorescence: 5-10 μg/mL using Human foreskin fibroblast Hs68 cells.
isotype	IgM
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	−20°C

Fibronectin (FN) is involved in many cellular processes, including tissue repair, embryogenesis, blood clotting, and cell migration/adhesion. Fibronectin exists in two main forms: 1) as an insoluble glycoprotein dimer that serves as a linker in the ECM (extracellular matrix), and; 2) as a soluble disulphide linked dimer found in the plasma (plasma FN). The plasma form is synthesized by hepatocytes, and the ECM form is made by fibroblasts, chondrocytes, endothelial cells, macrophages, as well as certain epithelial cells.
Specificity
Other species have not been tested.
The antibody reacts with the 262 kDa fibronectin protein.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Fibronectin Antibody

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

Purified rat plasma fibronectin.

Research Category
Cell Structure
Anti-Fibronectin Antibody detects level of Fibronectin & has been published & validated for use in ELISA & WB.
Research Sub Category
ECM Proteins
Quality
Routinely evaluated by Western Blot on normal rat serum.
Western Blot Analysis:
0.05 µg/mL - 1 µg/mL antibody detected fibronectin in 15 µL of normal rat serum.
Target description
262 kDa
Physical form
Antigen Affinity Purified
Purified in 0.1M Tris-Glycine (pH7.4) 150mM NaCl with 0.05% NaN3.
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.
Analysis Note
Control
Western Blot: Normal rat serum

Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.

CHEMICON is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

Fibronectin (UniProt: P02751; also known as FN, Cold-insoluble globulin, CIG) is encoded by the FN1 (also known as FN) gene (Gene ID: 2335) in human. Fibronectin is are involved various biological activities, including cell adhesion, cell motility, opsonization, wound healing, and maintenance of cell shape. It is essential for osteoblast mineralization and participates in the regulation of type I collagen deposition by osteoblasts. Fibronectin is usually present as homodimer of ~250 kDa subunits where subunits are connected by two disulfide bonds at the C-terminal region. Each monomer contains three repeating units, which are designated as type I, II, and III repeats containing about 40, 60, and 90 amino acids, respectively. Plasma fibronectin (soluble dimeric form) is secreted by hepatocytes and the cellular fibronectin (dimeric or cross-linked multimeric forms) is produced by fibroblasts, epithelial and other cell types. Cellular fibronectin is deposited as fibrils in the extracellular matrix. Fibronectin is recognized by integrins alpha5beta1 and alphaVbeta3. The primary sequence motif of fibronectin for integrin binding is a tripeptide, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). Mutations in FN gene are known to cause glomerulopathy that is characterized by proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and hypertension, which can lead to end-stage renal failure.
Specificity
Clone P1H11 detects fibronectin in human.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
purified by	affinity chromatography
species reactivity	rat, mouse
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
Торговая марка	Chemicon^®
application(s)	ELISA: suitable","western blot: suitable
NCBI accession no.	NM_002026.2,","NM_054034.2,","NM_212474.1,","NM_212475.1,","NM_212476.1,","NM_212478.1,","NM_212482.1,
UniProt accession no.	P02751,
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	2-8°C

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Anti-Fibronectin Antibody, cell binding domain Antibody, clone P1H11

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

Human Plasma Fibronectin.

Specificity
The C-terminal domain which contains the second fibrin binding site and it distinguishes between two major proteolytic fragments (140kd and 160dk), but not between the A and B chains. Epitope = C-terminal heparin binding fragment.

Quality Level	100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	P1H11, monoclonal
species reactivity	human, porcine, mouse
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	immunocytochemistry: suitable","immunohistochemistry: suitable (paraffin)","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG1
NCBI accession no.	NM_002026,
UniProt accession no.	P02751,
shipped in	ambient

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Anti-Fibronectin Antibody, CT, clone 868A11

Epitope: C-terminus
Human plasma fibronectin.

Research Category
Cell Structure
ELISA
Immunohistochemistry, formalin fixed, 10-25 µg/ml
Western blotting at 1-5 µg/ml
Final working dilutions must be determined by end user.
This Anti-Fibronectin Antibody, C-terminus, clone 868A11 is validated for use in ELISA, WB for the detection of Fibronectin.
Research Sub Category
ECM Proteins
Quality
Tested
Physical form
Format: Purified
In 0.02MPB with 0.25M NaCl, pH=7.6 with 0.1% Sodium azide.
Storage and Stability
Maintain refrigerated at 2-8°C.

feature_concentration_valuePlease refer to lot specific datasheet.

Quality Level	300","100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	868A11, monoclonal
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
Торговая марка	Chemicon^®
application(s)	ELISA: suitable","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG1
NCBI accession no.	NM_002026.2,","NM_054034.2,","NM_212474.1,","NM_212475.1,","NM_212476.1,","NM_212478.1,","NM_212482.1,
UniProt accession no.	P02751,
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	2-8°C

Forkhead family transcription factor (FKHRL1), also known as FOX3a, is a member of the forkhead transcription factor superfamily. In FKHRL1 (FOX3a), there are three PKB phosphorylation consensus sites, Thr32, Ser253, and Ser315. Thr32 and Ser253 are phosphorylated by PKB after induction by survival factors such as IGF-1.

WGK Germany	WGK 2
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-FKHRL1 (FOXO3a) antibody produced in rabbit

MDL number:	MFCD03791550
NACRES:	NA.41

thetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of human FKHRL1 (amino acids 653-668 with N-terminally added cystein) conjugated to maleimide-activated KLH. This sequence is conserved in human and mouse FKHRL1.

Anti-FKHRL1 (FOXO3a) antibody produced in rabbit has been used in:

immunohistochemistry
western blotting
immunofluorescence staining

Biochem/physiol Actions
Forkhead transcription factor superfamily proteins act as the targets of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase–protein kinase B/Akt (PI3K-PKB) pathway. FKHRL1/FOXO3a modulates the expression of several genes that regulate DNA repair in response to stress at the G2-M checkpoint and aging. Other genes that are regulated by FKHRL1 include mitotic genes such as cyclin B and polo-like kinase (plk). Antibodies reacting specifically with FKHRL1 (FOXO3) may be useful in studying the expression and function of the protein, as well as for correlating their expression pattern with physiological functions or pathological conditions.
Forkhead1 (FOXO-3A or FKHRL-1) functions to protect cells from oxidative stress . Dephosphorylation of FOXO3a stimulates the Fas ligand gene that activates apoptosis in cells . Anti-FKHRL1 is specific for human and mouse FKHRL1. FKHRL1 immunizing peptide specifically inhibits the staining of FKHRL1.
Physical form
Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 1% bovine serum albumin, and 15 mM sodium azide.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	200
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous solution
species reactivity	mouse, human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	indirect immunofluorescence: 1:200 using paraformaldyde-fixed FKHRL1 transfected 293T cells","microarray: suitable","western blot: 1:2,500 using human FKHRL1 in transfected 293T cell extracts
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	O43524,
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... FOXO3(2309) mouse ... Foxo3(56484)

Synaptic functional regulator FMR1 (UniProt: P35922; also known as Fragile X mental retardation protein 1 homolog, FMRP, Protein FMR-1, mFmr1p) is encoded by the Fmr1 (also known as Fmr-1) gene (Gene ID: 14265) in murine species. FMR-1 is a homodimeric multifunctional polyribosome-associated RNA-binding protein predominantly found in the brain. It can also form heterodimer with FXR1 in a methylation-dependent manner. It shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm in a XPO1/CRM1-dependent manner and plays a central role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity through the regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, mRNA stability, mRNA dendritic transport and postsynaptic local protein synthesis of a subset of mRNAs. FMR-1 plays a role in mRNA nuclear export and together with export factor NXF2, it is involved in the regulation of the NXF1 mRNA stability in neurons. It stabilizes the scaffolding postsynaptic density protein DLG4/PSD-95 and the myelin basic protein mRNAs in hippocampal neurons and glial cells, respectively and this stabilization is further increased in response to metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) stimulation. In response to mGluR stimulation, FMR1-target mRNAs are rapidly derepressed, allowing for local translation at synapses. FMR-1 is shown to play a role in the modulation of the sodium-activated potassium channel KCNT1 gating activity and negatively regulate the voltage-dependent calcium channel current density in soma and presynaptic terminals of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. FMR-1 is phosphorylated on several serine residues and phosphorylation at serine 499 is required for phosphorylation of other nearby serine residues. Although phosphorylation has no effect on the binding of individual mRNA species, it may affect the association with polyribosome.
Specificity
Clone 1F1 is a mouse monoclonal antibody that specifically detects Fragile X mental retardation protein 1 homolog (FMR1). It targets an epitope with in the C-terminal half.

WGK Germany	WGK 2
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-FMR1 Antibody, clone 1F1

Full-length recombinant mouse Fragile X mental retardation protein 1 homolog (FMR1).

Anti-FMR1, clone 1F1, Cat. No. MABN2453, is a highly specific mouse monoclonal antibody that targets Fragile X mental retardation protein 1 homolog and has been tested for use in Western Blotting.
Research Category
Neuroscience
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in HeLa cell lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: 1 µg/mL of this antibody detected FMR1 in HeLa cell lysate.
Target description
~72 kDa observed; 68.99 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Purified mouse monoclonal antibody IgG1 in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Format: Purified
Protein G purified
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.

biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified immunoglobulin
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	1F1, monoclonal
species reactivity	mouse
species reactivity (predicted by homology)	rat (based on 100% sequence homology), human (based on 100% sequence homology)
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
application(s)	western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG1
UniProt accession no.	P35922,

Synaptic functional regulator FMR1 (UniProt: Q06787; also known as Fragile X mental retardation protein 1, FMRP, Protein FMR-1) is encoded by the FMR1 gene (Gene ID: 2332) in human. FMR-1 is a multifunctional polyribosome-associated RNA-binding protein that plays a central role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity through the regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, mRNA stability, mRNA dendritic transport and postsynaptic local protein synthesis of a subset of mRNAs. It plays a role in mRNA nuclear export and together with export factor NXF2, it is involved in the regulation of the NXF1 mRNA stability in neurons. It is also reported to stabilize the scaffolding postsynaptic density protein DLG4/PSD-95 and the myelin basic protein mRNAs in hippocampal neurons and glial cells, respectively and this stabilization is further increased in response to metabotropic glutamate receptor stimulation. A CGG repeat expansion (55-200) in the 5 UTR of FMR1 gene is reported to cause Fragile X-associated Tremor Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). The expanded CGG repeat is associated with elevated FMR1 mRNA expression that results and neurodegeneration. The CGG repeat expansion triggers repeat-associated non-ATG-initiated translation (RAN or RANT) within the 5 UTR of FMR1 mRNA, resulting in the production of fusion proteins (FMR1polyG) that contain N-terminal polyglycine fused to either C-terminal FMR1 in-frame sequence or one of two FMR1 frame-shift sequences. The FMR1polyG-positive aggregates closely resemble neuronal intranuclear inclusions seen in polyglutamine diseases and other protein-mediated neurodegenerative disorders. (Ref.: Buijsen, RAM., et al. (2014). Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 2:162; Todd, PK et al. (2013). Neuron. 78(3); 440-455).
Specificity
Clone 8FM-2F7 specifically detects FMR1polyG in human cells.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-FMR1polyG Antibody, clone 8FM-2F7

Ovalbumin-conjugated linear peptide with EAPLPGGVRQRGG sequence. Note: This protein is translated within the 5UTR of the FMR1 gene and in a different frame resulting in a protein with different sequence and containing polyGlycine.
Epitope: N-terminus

Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:500 dilution from a representative lot detected FMR1polyG in lysate from HEK293 cells overexpressing FMR1polyG.
Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A representative lot detected FMR1polyG in Immunohistochemistry applications (Buijsen, R.A., et. al. (2014). Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2:162; Sellier, C., et. al. (2017). Neuron. 93(2):331-347).
Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected FMR1polyG in Western Blotting applications (Sellier, C., et. al. (2017). Neuron. 93(2):331-347).
Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A 1:50 dilution from a representative lot detected FMR1polyG in human cerebral cortex and human testis tissues.
Immunofluorescence Analysis: A representative lot detected FMR1polyG in Immunofluorescence applications (Buijsen, R.A., et. al. (2014). Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2:162; Sellier, C., et. al. (2017). Neuron. 93(2):331-347).
Research Category
Neuroscience
Anti-FMR1polyG, clone 8FM-2F7, Cat. No. MABN2280, is a highly specific mouse monoclonal antibody that targets Synaptic functional regulator FMR1 (FMR1polyG) and has been tested for use Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), and Western Blotting.
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in HEK293 cell lysates expressing FMR1polyG.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:500 dilution of this antibody detected FMR1polyG in HEK293 cell lysates expressing FMR1polyG.
Target description
~35 kDa observed. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Mouse monoclonal antibody in ascites without preservatives.
Unpurified
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at -20°C from date of receipt. Handling Recommendations: Upon receipt and prior to removing the cap, centrifuge the vial and gently mix the solution. Aliquot into microcentrifuge tubes and store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles, which may damage IgG and affect product performance.

Forkhead box protein K1 (UniProt: P85037; also known as Myocyte nuclear factor, MNF) is encoded by the FOXK1 (also known as MNF) gene (Gene ID: 221937) in human. Forkhead box protein K1 is a transcriptional regulator that binds to the upstream enhancer region (CCAC box) of myoglobin gene. It is an important regulatory factor of the myogenic progenitor cell population. It is involved in the cell cycle process and promotes proliferation by repressing Foxo4 transcriptional activity and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21CIP, in the myogenic progenitor cells. It is shown to represses myogenic differentiation by inhibiting MEFC activity and has a role in remodeling processes of adult muscles that occur in response to physiological stimuli. It is shown to be essential for correct temporal orchestration of molecular and cellular events necessary for muscle repair. Forkhead box protein K1 is expressed both developing and adult tissues. In adults, significant expression is seen in tumors of the brain, colon, and lymph node. Two isoforms of Forkhead box protein K1 have been reported that are produced by alternative splicing. Both FOXK1 and FOXK2 proteins are shown to act as transcriptional repressors of autophagy in muscle cells and fibroblasts. They specifically recruit Sin3A HDAC complexes to restrict acetylation of histone H4 and expression of critical autophagy genes. The loss of FOXK1 and FOXK2 proteins results in the upregulation of several genes controlling the initiation and nucleation of autophagosome formation. (Ref.: Bowman, CJ., et al. (2014). Nature Cell Biology 16(12); 1202-1214).
Specificity
This rabbit polyclonal antibody detects Forkhead box protein K1 in human cells. It targets an epitope within 20 amino acids from the C-terminal region.

biological source	mouse
antibody form	ascites fluid
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	8FM-2F7, monoclonal
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	immunofluorescence: suitable","immunohistochemistry: suitable (paraffin)","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG1
NCBI accession no.	NP_002015,
UniProt accession no.	Q06787,

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Anti-FOXK1 (MNF)

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 20 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human Forkhead box protein K1.
Epitope: C-terminus

Western Blotting Analysis: 2 µg/mL from a representative lot detected FOXK1 (MNF) in HepG2 cell lysate.
Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A 1:250 dilution from a representative lot detected FOXK1 (MNF) in human cerebral cortex, human liver, and human testis tissues.
Research Category
Epigenetics & Nuclear Function
Western Blotting Analysis: 2 µg/mL from a representative lot detected FOXK1 (MNF) in HepG2 cell lysate.
Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A 1:250 dilution from a representative lot detected FOXK1 (MNF) in human cerebral cortex, human liver, and human testis tissues.
Anti-FOXK1 (MNF), Cat. No. ABE1325, is a highly specific rabbit polyclonal antibody that targets Forkhead box protein K1 and has been tested in Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) and Western Blotting.
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in HeLa cell lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: 2 µg/mL of this antibody detected FOXK1 (MNF) in HeLa cell lysate.
Target description
~95 kDa observed; 75.46 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Affinity Purified
Purified rabbit polyclonal antibody in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
purified by	affinity chromatography
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: suitable (paraffin)","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG
NCBI accession no.	NP_001032242.1,
UniProt accession no.	P85037,
shipped in	ambient
Gene Information	human ... FOXK1(221937)

Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors play an important role in modulating metabolic functions. Given the relatively high expression of FOXO1 in insulin-responsive tissues, this transcription factor is highly poised to regulate energy metabolism. When nutrient and insulin levels are low, FOXO1 promotes expression of gluconeogenic enzymes. Conversely, in the fed state, insulin levels rise and stimulate uptake of glucose primarily into skeletal muscle and other organs, including adipose tissue. Under certain pathophysiologic conditions, including insulin resistance, negative signaling to FOXO1 is compromised. (Gross, D.N., 2009).
Specificity
This antibody detects FOXO1.
FOXO1 shuttles between the nucleus and the cytosol.

Flash Point F	does not flash
Flash Point C	does not flash

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Anti-FOXO1 Antibody, clone 2H8.2

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

GST-tagged recombinant protein corresponding to full length FOXO1.

Research Sub Category
Transcription Factors
Research Category
Epigenetics & Nuclear Function
Use Anti-FOXO1 Antibody, clone 2H8.2 (Mouse Monoclonal Antibody) validated in WB, ICC, IHC(P) to detect FOXO1 also known as Forkhead box protein O1A, Forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma.
Immunocytochemistry: A 1:500 dilution of a previous lot was used.
Immunocytochemistry: Representative lot data.
A 1:500 dilution of a previous lot was used.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin): Representative lot data.
Optimal Staining With Epitope Retrieval: Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.
Quality
Evaluated by western blot on HEK293 cell lysate.
Western Blot Analysis: 2 µg/mL of this antibody detected FOXO1 in HEK293 cell lysate.
Target description
~78-82 kDa

Replaces: 04-1005
Physical form
Protein G Purified
Format: Purified
Purified mouse monoclonal in buffer containing 0.1M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8ºC from date of receipt.
Analysis Note
Control
HEK293 cell lysate

Quality Level	100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	2H8.2, monoclonal
species reactivity	human, rat, mouse
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
application(s)	immunocytochemistry: suitable","immunohistochemistry: suitable (paraffin)","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG1
NCBI accession no.	NP_002006.2,
UniProt accession no.	Q12778,
shipped in	ambient

89,84 € / 8 539 ₽

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Anti-Foxp3 Antibody (mouse), APC, clone 3G3 MABF730

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

The 3G3 antibody reacts with mouse Foxp3, a 50-55 kDa transcription factor which is a central regulator of T cell activity and is critical for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Foxp3 is expressed at constitutively high levels in Treg cells, which are further identified as being CD4+ CD25+. In resting conventional T cells (CD4+ CD25-) Foxp3 expression is restricted, and upon TCR activation is expressed only transiently and in a small proportion of cells. However, the growth factor TGF-beta has been shown to induce expression of Foxp3 in naïve T cells, driving their development into Foxp3+ Tregs, which are called “induced” or “adaptive” Tregs. These cells are phenotypically similar to so-called “natural” Tregs (CD4+ CD25high Foxp3+) which originate in the thymus and comprise the majority of Treg cells. Tregs are critical for maintaining peripheral tolerance and are implicated in the development of autoimmunity.It is important to review the literature in choosing an antibody for the Foxp3 antigen in flow cytometry, as the potential for high background or non-specific staining may be observed. The 3G3 antibody may be used for intracellular detection of Foxp3 in cells from mouse and Rhesus macaque.

Immunogen information for this antibody is proprietary information.

This mouse monoclonal antibody Anti-Foxp3 (mouse), APC & clone 3G3 validated for use in Flow Cytometry for the detection of Foxp3.
Research Category
Inflammation & Immunology
Quality
The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant via affinity chromatography. The purified antibody was conjugated under optimal conditions, with unreacted dye removed from the preparation.
Flow Cytometry Analysis: 0.125 µg of this antibody detected Foxp3 in one million C57Bl/6 splenocytes.
Physical form
Purified Mouse Monoclonal Antibody in buffer containing 10 mM NaH2PO4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% gelatin, pH 7.2, and up to 0.1% sodium azide.
Size Exclusion Chromatography
Storage and Stability
It is recommended to store the product undiluted at 2-8°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

Quality Level	100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	3G3, monoclonal
species reactivity	mouse
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
concentration	0.2 mg/mL
application(s)	flow cytometry: suitable
isotype	IgG1
conjugate	Allophycocyanin conjugate
UniProt accession no.	Q99JB6,
shipped in	wet ice

WGK Germany	nwg
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Foxp3 Antibody (mouse), FITC, clone 3G3 MABF731

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

Immunogen information for this antibody is proprietary information.

This mouse monoclonal antibody Anti-Foxp3 (mouse), FITC & clone 3G3 validated for use in Flow Cytometry for the detection of Foxp3.
Research Category
Inflammation & Immunology
Quality
The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant via affinity chromatography. The purified antibody was conjugated under optimal conditions, with unreacted dye removed from the preparation.
Flow Cytometry Analysis: 0.015 µg of this antibody detected Foxp3 in one million C57Bl/6 splenocytes.
Physical form
Purified Mouse Monoclonal Antibody in buffer containing 10 mM NaH2PO4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% BSA, pH8, and up to 0.1% sodium azide.
Size Exclusion Chromatography
Storage and Stability
It is recommended to store the product undiluted at 2-8°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

Quality Level	100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	3G3, monoclonal
species reactivity	mouse
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
concentration	0.5 mg/mL
application(s)	flow cytometry: suitable
isotype	IgG1
conjugate	FITC conjugate
UniProt accession no.	Q99JB6,
shipped in	wet ice

WGK Germany	nwg
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Foxp3 Antibody (mouse), PE, clone 3G3 MABF732

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

Immunogen information for this antibody is proprietary information.

This mouse monoclonal antibody Anti-Foxp3 (mouse), PE & clone 3G3 validated for use in Flow Cytometry for the detection of Foxp3.
Research Category
Inflammation & Immunology
Quality
The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant via affinity chromatography. The purified antibody was conjugated under optimal conditions, with unreacted dye removed from the preparation.
Flow Cytometry Analysis: 0.125 µg of this antibody detected Foxp3 in one million C57Bl/6 splenocytes.
Physical form
Purified Mouse Monoclonal Antibody in buffer containing 10 mM NaH2PO4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% BSA, pH 7.2, and up to 0.1% sodium azide.
Size Exclusion Chromatography
Storage and Stability
It is recommended to store the product undiluted at 2-8°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

Quality Level	100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	3G3, monoclonal
species reactivity	mouse
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
concentration	0.2 mg/mL
application(s)	flow cytometry: suitable
isotype	IgG1
conjugate	PE
UniProt accession no.	Q99JB6,
shipped in	wet ice

Frizzled-2 (UniProt: Q14332; also known as Fz-2, hFz2, FzE2) is encoded by the FZD2 gene (Gene ID: 2535) in human. Frizzled-2 is a multi-pass membrane protein that is widely expressed in adult tissues. In fetus, higher levels are expressed in the brain, lung, and kidney and lower levels are observed in liver. Frizzled serves as a receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. In the presence of Wnt the Frizzled receptor is activated, which along with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins (LRP) 5 and 6 stabilizes beta-catenin. The formation of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP6 complex, together with the recruitment of the scaffolding protein Dishevelled (Dvl), results in LRP6 phosphorylation and activation and the recruitment of the Axin complex to the receptors. This leads to the inhibition of Axin-mediated beta-catenin phosphorylation, which stabilizes beta-catenin. Frizzled-2 is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-23), which is subsequently cleaved off in the mature form. Its Fz domain is localized to amino acids 34-153 and this domain is involved in its binding with Wnt ligands. Frizzled-2 can be ubiquitinated by RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase ZNRF3 leading to its proteasomal degradation. Abnormalities in Wnt signaling are reported to promote birth defects, degenerative diseases, and cancer.
Specificity
This rabbit polyclonal antibody specifically detects human Frizzled -2. It targets an epitope with in 13 amino acids from the extracellular domain.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Frizzled-2

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 13 amino acids from the N-terminal half of human Frizzled-2.
Epitope: unknown

Detects Frizzled-2 using this rabbit polyclonal Anti-Frizzled-2 Antibody, Cat. No. ABS1491, tested for use in Western Blotting.
Research Category
Signaling
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in CACO-2 cell lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:500 dilution of this antibody detected Frizzled-2 in CACO-2 cell lysate.
Target description
~60 kDa observed; 63.55 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Affinity Purified
Purified rabbit polyclonal antibody in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.

Cell division protein FtsZ (UniProt: P17865; also known as Cell Division FtsZ GTPase, FtsZ) is encoded by the FtsZ (also known as BSU15290) gene (Gene ID: 935971) in Bacillus subtilis. FtsZ is homodimeric prokaryotic homologue of tubulin with GTPase activity. It is found in nearly all bacteria. It polymerizes in the presence of GTP to form higher-ordered polymers. It contains three GTP-binding sites that are located in the N-terminal region. The less conserved C-terminal domain contains residues that are important for GTP hydrolysis. FtsZ is shown to be essential for bacterial cell division and in association with FtzA (FtsAZ) it forms a contractile ring structure (Z ring) at the site of cell division. The regulation of the ring assembly controls the timing and the location of cell division. One of the major functions of FtsZ is to recruit other cell division proteins to the septum to produce a new cell wall between the dividing cells. The FtsZ treadmilling rate controls the rate of peptidoglycan synthesis and cell division. During bacterial cell division FtsZ co-localizes with SpoIIE, a dual function protein that contributes to the switch form medial to polar cell division during sporulation. The anti-FtsZ blot has also been used as control for sample loading (Ref.: Bisson-Filho, AW., et al., (2017). Science 355(6326); 739-743; Feucht, A., and Jeffery Errington, J (2005). Microbiology 151(6); 2053-2064; Lucet, I., et al. (2000). EMBO J. 19(7); 1467-1475; Lytvynenko, I., et al. (2019). Cell. 178(1); 76-90).
Specificity
This rabbit polyclonal antibody detects Cell Division Protein FTsZ in Bacillus subtilis.

biological source	rabbit
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
purified by	affinity chromatography
species reactivity	human
species reactivity (predicted by homology)	mouse (based on 100% sequence homology)
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	western blot: suitable
UniProt accession no.	Q14332,
Gene Information	human ... FZD2(2535)

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Anti-FtsZ (GTPase)

Full length purified FtsZ from Bacillus subtilis.
Epitope: unknown

Anti-FtsZ (GTPase), Cat. No. ABS2200, is a rabbit polyclonal antibody that detects Cell division protein FtsZ and has been tested for use in Immunofluorescence and Western Blotting.
Research Category
Signaling
Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected FtsZ (GTPase) in Western Blotting applications (Lucet, I., et. al. (2000). EMBO J. 19(7):1467-75; Bisson-Filho, A.W., et. al. (2017). Science. 355(6326):739-743).
Immunofluorescence Analysis: A representative lot detected FtsZ (GTPase) in Immunofluorescence applications (Daniel, R.A., et. al. (2000). Mol Microbiol. 35(2):299-311).
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in GFP-FtsZ & TrsZ in Bacillus subtilis 168ca wild type.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:5,000 dilution of this antibody detected GFP-FtsZ and FtsZ in wild type Bacillus subtilis 168ca.
Target description
~44 kDa observed; 40.40 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Unpurified
Rabbit polyclonal antiserum with 0.05% sodium azide.
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at -20°C from date of receipt. Handling Recommendations: Upon receipt and prior to removing the cap, centrifuge the vial and gently mix the solution. Aliquot into microcentrifuge tubes and store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles, which may damage IgG and affect product performance.

biological source	rabbit
antibody form	serum
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
species reactivity	Bacillus subtilis, bacteria
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	immunofluorescence: suitable","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG
NCBI accession no.	NP_389412,
UniProt accession no.	P17865,

Furin (UniProt: P09958; also known as EC: 3.4.2.75, Dibasic-processing enzyme, Paired basic amino acid residue-cleaving enzyme, PACE) is encoded by the FURIN (also known as FUR, PACE, PCSK3) gene (Gene ID: 5045) in human. Furin is an ubiquitously expressed enzyme with endoprotease activity within constitutive secretory pathways and is capable of cleavage at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif. It is single-pass type I membrane protein that shuttles between the trans-Golgi network and the cell surface. It is synthesized with a signal peptide of 26 amino acids and a propeptide region (aa 27-107) that inhibits its activity. The inhibition peptide plays the role of an intramolecular chaperone. It is autocatalytically removed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and remains non-covalently bound to furin as a potent autoinhibitor. Propeptide cleavage is a prerequisite for exit of Furin molecules out of the endoplasmic reticulum. A second cleavage within the propeptide region occurs in the trans-Golgi network, followed by the release of the propeptide and the activation of Furin. Mature Furin has a luminal region (aa 108-705), a helical domain (aa 716-738), and a cytoplasmic region (aa 739-794). The cytoplasmic domain responsible for its trans-Golgi network localization and recycling from the cell surface.
Specificity
Clone 16B1.1 detects human Furin and it targets an epitope within 177 amino acids from the C-terminal half.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Furin Antibody, clone 16B1.1

GST/His-tagged recombinant fragment corresponding to 177 amino acids from the C-terminal half of human Furin.

Anti-Furin, clone 16B1.1, Cat. No. MABS1812, is a mouse monoclonal antibody that detects Furin in human cells and has been tested for use in Western Blotting.
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in U-251 cell lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: 0.5 µg/mL of this antibody detected Furin in 10 µg of U-251 cell lysate.
Target description
~100 kDa observed; 86.68 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Format: Purified

Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.

Quality Level	100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified immunoglobulin
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	16B1.1, monoclonal
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
application(s)	western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG2b
NCBI accession no.	NP_001276752,
UniProt accession no.	P09958,
Gene Information	human ... FURIN(5045)

Protein G9a (also known as Histone H3-K9 methyltransferase 3, Euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 and HLA-B-associated transcript 8)
Specificity
Recognizes human G9a protein.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-G9a Antibody

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

Peptide (C-DERVDSDSKSEVEALTEQ) corresponding to amino acids 71-88 of human G9a.

Use Anti-G9a Antibody (Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody) validated in WB to detect G9a also known as KMT1C.
Research Sub Category
Histones
Research Category
Epigenetics & Nuclear Function
Quality
routinely evaluated by immunoblot HeLa nuclear extract cell lysate
Target description
140 kDa
Physical form
Protein A Purified immunoglobulin in 30% glycerol, 0.07M Tris-glycine, pH 7.4, 0.105 M NaCl, 0.035% sodium azide as a preservative.
Format: Purified
Protein A purified
Storage and Stability
Maintain for 2 years at -20°C from date of shipment. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
Analysis Note
Control
Positive Control Included: HeLa Nuclear Extract (12-309).

Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.

UPSTATE is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

Anti-GABA is produced in rabbit using GABA-BSA as the immunogen. The antibody is isolated from antiserum by immunospecific methods of purification. Antigen specific affinity isolation removes essentially all rabbit serum proteins, including immunoglobulins which do not specifically bind to GABA.
GABA (-aminobutyric acid) is a multifunctional molecule found in several organisms, from prokaryotes to vertebrates. It is present in non-nervous structures, such as peripheral nervous and endocrine systems. GABA is formed following decarboxylation of glutamic acid by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	purified immunoglobulin
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
Торговая марка	Upstate^®
application(s)	western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG
NCBI accession no.	NM_006709,
UniProt accession no.	Q96KQ7,
shipped in	dry ice

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Anti-GABA antibody produced in rabbit

MDL number:	MFCD00162297
NACRES:	NA.41

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) conjugated to BSA.

Rabbit anti-GABA antibody has been used for electron microscopy analysis in rat hippocampal tissues at a dilution of 1:4000. The antibody has also been used for immunocytochemistry applications at dilutions ranging from 1:100-1:750 in Drosophila and Periplaneta americana brain cells.
Expression of GABA in neucortical cells harvested from the brains of E19 day old rat embyros was detected by immunofluorescence using rabbit anti-GABA antibody. Triple IF staining was performed with the anti-GABA antibody and two anti-GAD antibodies. Expression of GABA was analyzed in cells isolated from the pallium of various animals including rats, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, and lizards by immunohistochemistry. IHC was performed using rabbit anti-GABA antibody at 1:1000 diluted in a solution of 0.01M PBS ph 7.4 + 0.5% triton-x100.

Biochem/physiol Actions

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and also functions as a neuromodulator in some peripheral tissues. It controls heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory process. GABA facilitates neuronal inhibition by interacting with GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rabbit anti-GABA antibody shows positive binding with GABA and GABA-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in a dot blot assay, and exhibits negative binding with bovine serum albumin (BSA).

Physical form

Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 1% BSA and 15 mM sodium azide.

Storage and Stability

For continuous use, store at 2-8 °C for up to one month. For extended storage, solution may be frozen in working aliquots. Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. If slight turbidity occurs upon prolonged storage, clarify by centrifugation before use.

Disclaimer

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	200
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous solution
species reactivity	wide range, rat, Drosophila
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	dot blot: 1:10,000, immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): 2.5 µg/mL using rat cerebellum
conjugate	unconjugated
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	20°C

Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 (UniProt: P60520; also known as GABA(A) receptor-associated protein-like 2, Ganglioside expression factor 2, GEF-2, General protein transport factor p16, Golgi-associated ATPase enhancer of 16 kDa, GATE-16, MAP1 light chain 3-related protein) is encoded by the GABARAPL2 (also known as FLC3A, GEF2) gene (Gene ID: 11345) in human. GEF-2 is a momomeric ubiquitin-like modifier protein of ATG8 family that is involved in intra-Golgi traffic. It is shown to modulate intra-Golgi transport through coupling between NSF activity and SNAREs activation. It first stimulates the ATPase activity of NSF, which in turn stimulates the association with GOSR1. GEF-2 is also involved in autophagy and plays a role in mitophagy, which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level. It is ubiquitously expressed and higher expressions are observed in the brain, heart, prostate, ovary, spleen and skeletal muscle. Low expression levels are observed in lung, thymus, and small intestine. In the precursor molecule the peptide bond between aa 116 and 117 is cleaved off by ATG4 to generate mature protein.
Specificity
This rabbit polyclonal antibody detects GABA(A) receptor-associated protein-like 2 (GABARAPL2) in human cells.

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	nwg
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-GABARAPL2

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

GST-tagged full length human recombinant GABA(A) receptor-associated protein-like 2 (GABARAPL2).

Anti-GABARAPL2, Cat. No. ABC227, is a rabbit polyclonal antibody that detects Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 and has been tested for use in Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) and Western Blotting.
Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A 1:250 dilution from a representative lot detected GABARAPL2 in human cerebellum and human prostate tissue sections.
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in Raji membrane extract.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:500 dilution of this antibody detected GABARAPL2 in Raji membrane extract.
Target description
~ 14 kDa observed; 13.67 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Purified rabbit polyclonal antibody in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide/.

Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.

Glutamate decarboxylase 2/Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (UniProt: Q05329/Q99259; also known as 65 kDa/67kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD-65/67, Glutamate decarboxylase 65/67 kDa isoform) is encoded by GAD2/GAD1 (also known as GAD65/GAD67) gene (Gene ID: 2572/2571) in human. Glutamate decarboxylase isoforms are expressed in the brain where it is involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis. Glutamate decarboxylase 2 is also expressed in pancreatic tissue. Both GAD65 and GAD67 synthesize GABA at different locations in the cell and at different developmental stages. Usually, GAD1 is distributed evenly throughout the cell while isoform GAD2 is mainly localized to nerve terminals. GAD1 synthesizes GABA for neuronal activity that is related to as synaptogenesis and protection from neural injury. However, GAD2 isoform synthesizes GABA for neurotransmission activity.
Specificity
This rabbit polyclonal antibody detects GAD2 and GAD1 in human, Mouse, and Rat. It targets an epitope within 14 amino acids from the C-terminal region.

biological source	rabbit
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
purified by	affinity chromatography
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: suitable (paraffin)","western blot: suitable
UniProt accession no.	P60520,
Gene Information	human ... GABARAPL2(11345)

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Anti-GAD 65/67

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 14 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2).
Epitope: C-terminus

Anti-GAD 65/67 Antibody, Cat. No. ABN904, is a highly specific rabbit polyclonal antibody that targets Human, Mouse, and Rat GAD2 and GAD1 and has been tested in Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) and Western Blotting.
Research Category
Neuroscience
Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected GAD 65/67 in human cerebellum, mouse cerebral cortex, and rat cerebral cortex tissues.
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in human brain tissue lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: 2 µg/mL of this antibody detected GAD 65/67 in 10 µg of human brain tissue lysate.
Target description
~60/62kDa observed; 65.41/66.90 kDa calculated, respectively for GAD2 and GAD1. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Affinity Purified
Purified rabbit polyclonal antibody in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
purified by	affinity chromatography
species reactivity	mouse, rat, human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: suitable (paraffin)","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG
NCBI accession no.	NP_000808.2,","NP_000809,
UniProt accession no.	Q05329,","Q99259,
shipped in	ambient
Gene Information	human ... GAD1(2571), GAD2(2572)

Gutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD; E.C. 4.1.1.15) is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of glutamic acid to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory transmitter in higher brain regions, and putative paracrine hormone in pancreatic islets. Two molecular forms of GAD (65 kDa and 67 kDa, 64% aa identity between forms) are highly conserved and both forms are expressed in the CNS, pancreatic islet cells, testis, oviduct and ovary. The isoforms are regionally distributed cytoplasmically in the brains of rats and mice (Sheikh, 1999). GAD65 is an amphiphilic, membrane-anchored protein (585 a.a.), encoded on human chromosome 10, and is responsible for vesicular GABA production. GAD67 is cytoplasmic (594 a.a.), encoded on chromosome 2, and seems to be responsible for significant cytoplasmic GABA production. GAD expression changes during neural development in rat spinal cord. GAD65 is expressed transiently in commissural axons around E13 but is down regulated the next day while GAD67 expression increases mostly in the somata of those neurons (Phelps, 1999). In mature rat pancreas, GAD65 and GAD67 appear to be differentially localized, GAD65 primarily in insulin-containing beta cells and GAD67 in glucagon-containing (A) cells (Li, 1995). GAD67 expression seems to be particularly plastic and can change in response to experimental manipulation (for example neuronal stimulation or transection) or disease progression and emergent disorders like schizophrenia (Volk, 2000). Colocalization of the two GAD isoforms also shows changes in GAD65/GAD67 distributions correlated with certain disease states such as IDDM and SMS.
Specificity
Reacts with the 67kDa isoform of Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD67) of rat, mouse and human origins, other species not yet tested. No detectable cross reactivity with GAD65 by Western blot on rat brain lysate when compared to blot probed with AB1511 that reacts with both GAD65 & GAD67.

Flash Point F	does not flash
Flash Point C	does not flash

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Anti-GAD67 Antibody, clone 1G10.2

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

Recombinant GAD67 protein

This Anti-GAD Antibody, clone 1G10.2 is validated for use in IH, IH(P), WB for the detection of GAD67. This Anti GAD antibody has more than 75 product citations.
Western Blot: A 1:5,000-1:10,000 dilution was used on a previous lot using ECL on rat and mouse brain lysate.
Immunohistochemistry on 4% paraformaldehyde fixed mouse and rat tissue: 1:1,000-1:5,000. The antibody has also worked well on human tissue fixed for 10 minutes in 4% PFA at 4°C or 100% ethanol at +20°C or 100% acetone at -20°C at dilutions of 1:2,500-1:5,000.
A polyclonal to GAD67 is also available as AB5992.
Optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user.
Research Sub Category
Neurotransmitters & Receptors
Neuronal & Glial Markers
Research Category
Neuroscience
Quality
Routinely evaluated by immunohistochemistry by SKNSH cell lysate.
Immunohistochemistry(paraffin) Analysis:
Representative staining pattern and morphology of GAD67 in somatosensory 1, barrel field of the mouse cerebral cortex. All brown spots are Lamina VI a neurons. No Epitope retrieval was necessary. This lot of the antibody was diluted to 1:500, using IHC Select Detection with HRP-DAB.
Optimal Staining pattern/morphology of GAD67: Mouse Brain.
Target description
67 kDa

Replaces: AB5992; AB5862P
Physical form
Purified mouse monoclonal IgG2a in buffer containing 0.1% sodium azide
Format: Purified
Protein A purified
Storage and Stability
Stable for 6 months at 2-8ºC in undiluted aliquots from date of receipt.
Analysis Note
Control
SKNSH cell lysate (human neuroblastoma), mouse cerebral cortex.

Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an ubiquitous glycolytic enzyme present in reasonably high levels in almost all tissues. As a ′house-keeping′ enzyme, it catalyzes the synthesis of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate, a "high energy" intermediate used for the synthesis of ATP. Besides its cytoplasmic action in metabolism it is also involved in the initial stages of apoptosis or oxidative stress response where GAPDH is translocated to the nucleus. Such actions may reflect the role of GAPDH in DNA repair or as one nuclear carrier for apoptotic molecules. GAPDH has also been found to bind specifically to proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders including the beta-amyloid precursor protein and the huntingtin protein where decreased function of GAPDH is associated with Alzheimer′s and Huntington′s disease fibroblasts. GAPDH has also been identified as a potential target for nitric oxide (NO)-mediated cellular toxicity. The complete and functional enzyme is a tetramer with each of four identical subunits occupying the vertex of a tetrahedron. Binding domains also include one principally interacting with NAD+ and another interacting with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP).
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an ubiquitous glycolytic enzyme present in reasonably high levels in almost all tissues. As a ′house-keeping′ enzyme, it catalyzes the synthesis of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate, a "high energy" intermediate used for the synthesis of ATP. Besides its cytoplasmic action in metabolism it is also involved in the initial stages of apoptosis or oxidative stress response where GAPDH is translocated to the nucleus. Such actions may reflect the role of GAPDH in DNA repair or as one nuclear carrier for apoptotic molecules. GAPDH has also been found to bind specifically to proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders including the beta-amyloid precursor protein and the huntingtin protein where decreased function of GAPDH is associated with Alzheimer′s and Huntington′s disease fibroblasts. GAPDH has also been identified as a potential target for nitric oxide (NO)-mediated cellular toxicity. The complete and functional enzyme is a tetramer with each of four identical subunits occupying the vertex of a tetrahedron. Binding domains also include one principally interacting with NAD+ and another interacting with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP).
Specificity
This antibody recognizes GAPDH.

Quality Level	100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified immunoglobulin
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	1G10.2, monoclonal
species reactivity	mouse, human, rat
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
Торговая марка	Chemicon^®
application(s)	immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): suitable","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG2a
NCBI accession no.	NM_000817.2,
UniProt accession no.	Q99259,
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	2-8°C
Gene Information	human ... GAD1(2571)

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Anti-GAPDH Antibody

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to the WARS interacting region of human GAPDH.
Epitope: WARS interacting region

Anti-GAPDH Antibody detects level of GAPDH & has been published & validated for use in WB.
Research Category
Metabolism
Western Blot (SNAP ID) Analysis: 0.125 µg/ml from a previous lot detected GAPDH on 10 µg of NIH/3T3 and PC12 cell lysates.
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blot in HEK293 and PC12 cell lysate.
Western Blot Analysis: 0.0625 µg/ml of this antibody detected GAPDH on 10 µg of HEK293 and PC12 cell lysate.
Target description
~ 38 kDa
Physical form
Affinity purified
Purified chicken polyclonal antibody in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl) with 0.05% sodium azide.
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.
Analysis Note
Control
HEK293 cell lysate

Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.
Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	chicken
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
purified by	affinity chromatography
species reactivity	mouse, human, horse, rat
species reactivity (predicted by homology)	canine (based on 100% sequence homology), equine (based on 100% sequence homology)
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
application(s)	western blot: suitable
NCBI accession no.	NP_002037,
UniProt accession no.	P04406,
shipped in	ambient","wet ice
storage temp.	2-8°C

Monoclonal Anti-GAPDH (mouse IgM isotype) is derived from the hybridoma GAPDH-71.1 produced by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells (NS1 cells) and splenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with rabbit GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). The gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is mapped to human chromosome 12p13. The protein localizes in the cytoplasm but can be translocated to the nucleus depending on cellular conditions.
Specificity
Monoclonal Anti-GAPDH recognizes human, monkey, bovine, canine, rat, mouse, hamster, mink, rabbit, chicken, and turkey GAPDH. It does not cross-react with non-vertebrate and prokaryotic species.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-GAPDH antibody, Mouse monoclonal

MDL number:	MFCD01322099
NACRES:	NA.41

Rabbit GAPDH.

Monoclonal Anti-GAPDH antibody produced in mouse is suitable for western blotting using:

protein extracted from heart tissue of mice at a working dilution of 1:25,000
myelin and axogliasomal fractions from human CNS
nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions from TBP-13Q and TBP-105Q PC12 cells following recovery from heat shock
protein from bovine immortalized luteal endothelial cells
renal tubular epithelial cell extract
proteins from mouse embryonic fibroblasts
protein extract from ventricular myocardium tissues
A431 total cell extract at a working concentration of 0.025-0.05µg/mL

It is also suitable for immunostaining using leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. The antibody can also be used for immunocytochemistry, indirect ELISA and microarray.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a tetramer containing identical chains. It catalyzes the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-phosphate, which is a critical energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism. It binds to several proteins including actin, tubulin, amyloid precursor, polyglutamine peptides, DRPLA (dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy), and huntingtin. Protein kinase Cι/λbinds and phosphorylates GAPDH. Phosphorylated GAPDH associates with cytoskeletal elements and controls microtubule dynamics in the early secretory pathway. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) interacts with GAPDH and thereby mediates brain damage in the presence of oxidative/nitrosative stress. GAPDH forms a part of OCA-S, the multicomponent OCT1 (octamer-motif-binding factor) coactivator complex, which is involved in the S phase-dependent histone H2B transcription. This association is responsible for linking H2B transcriptional machinery to cell cycle regulation and to the cellular metabolic state. GAPDH is also a component of the functional GAIT (interferon-γ-activated inhibitor of translation) mRNP (messenger ribonucleoprotein). GAPDH expression is dysregulated during melanoma progression.
Physical form
Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide.
Storage and Stability
For continuous use, store at 2-8 °C for up to one month.
For extended storage, freeze in working aliquots. Repeated freezing and thawing, or storage in “frostfree” freezers, is not recommended. If slight turbidity occurs upon prolonged storage, clarify the solution by centrifugation before use. Working dilution samples should be discarded if not used within 12 hours.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

Quality Level	200
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified from hybridoma cell culture","purified immunoglobulin
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	GAPDH-71.1, monoclonal
form	buffered aqueous solution
mol wt	antigen ~37 kDa
species reactivity	mouse, mink, rabbit, rat, human, hamster, canine, turkey, chicken, monkey, bovine
should not react with	prokaryotes
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
concentration	~1 mg/mL
application(s)	immunocytochemistry: suitable","indirect ELISA: suitable","microarray: suitable","western blot: 0.025-0.05 µg/mL using A431 total cell extract
isotype	IgM
conjugate	unconjugated
Featured Industry	Research Pathology
UniProt accession no.	P04406,
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... GAPDH(2597) mouse ... Gapdh(14433) rat ... Gapdh(24383)

The GTPase activating protein and VPS9 domains 1 (Gapex-5) protein, originally known as receptor-mediated endocytosis protein 6 (RME-6)/Rab5-activating protein 6 (RAP6), is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the Rab5 subfamily of guanine triphosphatase (GTPases). Gapex-5 is an evolutionarily conserved protein with Rab5 GEF domain, the N-terminal Ras GTP hydrolysis-activating protein (GAP) domain and a C-terminal Vps9 domain (a Rab5 guanine diphosphate (GDP)/GTP exchange factor). Gapex-5 is localized on the plasma membrane and on endosomes. This gene is mapped to human chromosome 9q33.3.
Specificity
Anti-Gapex-5 (N-terminal) recognizes human Gapex-5.

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Gapex-5 (N-terminal) antibody produced in rabbit

Anti-Gapex-5 (N-terminal) antibody produced in rabbit is suitable for immunoblotting.
Biochem/physiol Actions
The GTPase activating protein and VPS9 domains 1 (Gapex-5) protein has guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity specific for Rab5 and guanine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis-activating protein (GAP) activity specific for Ras. It is involved in multiple processes including receptor-mediated endocytosis, insulin receptor internalization, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) trafficking in adipocytes, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) trafficking and degradation and phagosome maturation.
Physical form
Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide.
Storage and Stability
Store at –20 °C. For continuous use, the product may be stored at 2–8 °C for up to one month. For extended storage, freeze in working aliquots at –20 °C. Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Storage in “frost-free” freezers is also not recommended. If slight turbidity occurs upon prolonged storage, clarify the solution by centrifugation before use. Working dilutions should be discarded if not used within 12 hours.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	rabbit
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous solution
mol wt	antigen ~180 kDa
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
concentration	~1.0 mg/mL
application(s)	western blot: 1-2 µg/mL using whole extracts of human HeLa cells
conjugate	unconjugated
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... GAPVD1(26130) mouse ... Gapvd1(66691) rat ... Gapvd1(311880)

GTPase-activating protein and VPS9 domain-containing protein 1 (GAPVD1) also called Rab5-activating protein 6 (RAP6) or Gapex-5 gene is mapped to the human chromosome 9q33.3. It has a carboxy-terminal Vps9-like domain and an amino-terminal Ras GTPase-accelerating proteins (GAP)-like domain. GAPVD1 is present in the plasma membrane and endosomes.
Specificity
Anti-Gapex-5 recognizes human Gapex-5.

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Gapex-5 antibody produced in rabbit

Anti-Gapex-5 antibody produced in rabbit may be used in immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Rab5-activating protein 6 (RAP6) or Gapex-5 is an evolutionary conserved protein and its C-terminal Vps9 domain is responsible for the interaction with guanosine diphosphate GDP bound Rab5 and an N-terminal Ras GTPase-accelerating proteins (GAP) domain. Gapex-5 has guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity specific for Rab5 and GAP activity specific for Ras. It is involved in multiple processes including receptor-mediated endocytosis, insulin receptor internalization and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) trafficking in adipocytes. RAP6 is also essential for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) trafficking and degradation and phagosome maturation.
Physical form
Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide.
Storage and Stability
Store at –20 °C. For continuous use, the product may be stored at 2–8 °C for up to one month. For extended storage, freeze in working aliquots at –20 °C. Storage in “frost-free” freezers is also not recommended. If slight turbidity occurs upon prolonged storage, clarify the solution by centrifugation before use. Working dilutions should be discarded if not used within 12 hours.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	rabbit
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous solution
mol wt	antigen ~180 kDa
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
concentration	~1.0 mg/mL
application(s)	immunoprecipitation (IP): 5-10 µg using lysates of human HEK-293T cells","western blot: 1-2 µg/mL using whole extracts of human HeLa cells
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q14C86,
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... GAPVD1(26130) mouse ... Gapvd1(66691)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1 (UniProt: Q14028; also known as Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 4, CNG channel 4, CNG-4, CNG4, Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel gamma, Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel modulatory subunit, Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel beta-1, CNG channel beta-1, CNGB1, Glutamic acid-rich protein, GARP) is encoded by the CNGBI (also known as CNCG2, CNCG3L, CNCG4, RCNC2) gene in human. CNGB1 is a multi-pass membrane protein that is a subunit of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels that are non-selective cation channels and play important roles in both visual and olfactory signal transduction. It forms a tetramer with three CNGA1 subunits. When associated with CNGA1, it is involved in the regulation of ion flow into the rod photoreceptor outer segment (ROS), in response to light-induced alteration of the levels of intracellular cGMP. CNGB1 contains one cyclic nucleotide-binding domain. Four isoforms of CNGB1 have been described that are generated by alternate splicing. Mutations in CNGB1 gene are associated with retinitis pigmentosa that is characterized by retinal pigment deposits that are visible on fundus examination and case loss of rod photoreceptor cells followed by secondary loss of cone photoreceptors.
Specificity
Clone 4B1 detects Glutamic acid-rich protein (GARP) in mouse and bovine retina. It targets an epitope with in the first 16 amino acids from the N-terminal region.

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-GARP Antibody, clone 4B1

Epitope: N-terminus
GST-tagged first 16 amino acids from the N-terminal region of human Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1.

Anti-GARP, clone 4B1, Cat. No. MABN2429, is a highly specific mouse monoclonal antibody, that targets CNGB1 and has been tested in Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunoprecipitation, Immunofluorescence and Western Blotting.
Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected GARP in Western Blotting applications (Poetsch, A., et. al. (2001). J Biol Chem. 276(51):48009-16; Chakraborty, D., et. al. (2008). Biochemistry. 47(4):1144-56; Zulliger, R., et. al. (2015). PLoS One. 10(9):e0138508).
Immunofluorescence Analysis: A representative lot detected GARP in Immunofluorescence applications (Zhang, Y., et. al. (2009). J Cell Sci. 122(Pt 8):1192-200).
Immunoprecipitation Analysis: A representative lot detected GARP in Immunoprecipitation applications (Conley, S.M., et. al. (2010). Adv Exp Med Biol. 664:63-70).
Research Category
Neuroscience
Quality
Evaluated by Immunohistochemistry in mouse retina tissue.
Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution of this antibody detected GARP in mouse retinal tissue.
Target description
139.68 kDa calculated.
Physical form
Format: Purified
Purified mouse monoclonal antibody IgG2a in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Protein G purified
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.

Quality Level	100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified immunoglobulin
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	4B1, monoclonal
species reactivity	bovine, mouse
species reactivity (predicted by homology)	rat (based on 100% sequence homology), human (based on 100% sequence homology)
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
application(s)	immunofluorescence: suitable","immunohistochemistry: suitable (paraffin)","immunoprecipitation (IP): suitable","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG2a
NCBI accession no.	NP_001288,
UniProt accession no.	Q14028,

GAS2-like protein 1 (UniProt: Q99501-1; also known as GAS2-related protein on chromosome 22, Growth arrest-specific protein 2-like 1, GAS2L1) is encoded by the GAS2L1 (also known as GAR22) gene (Gene ID: 10634) in human. GAS2L1 belongs to the growth-arrest-specific 2 (GAS2) family, whose members mediate the crosstalk between filamentous actin (F-actin) and microtubules. Three members of this family, known as GAS2L1, GAS2L2, and GAS2L3, are shown to be differentially involved in mediating the crosstalk between F-actin and microtubules. GAS2L1 is expressed in testis and brain, GAS2L2 is exclusively expressed in skeletal muscle, and GAS2L3 is found in many different cell types. Although they all localize to actin and microtubules, only the exogenous expression of GAD2L1 and GAS2L2 affect microtubule stability, dynamics, and guidance along actin stress fibers. GAS2L1 is reported to associate with the proximal end of mature centrioles and participates in centriole dynamics and centrosome disjunction. Loss of GAS2L1 can inhibit centrosome disjunction in the G2 phase. On the other hand, overexpression of GAS2L1 can induce premature centrosome separation, which also requires its association with actin, microtubules, and the microtubule end-binding proteins. (Ref.: Stroud MJ et al. (2014). J. Cell Sci. 127(12); 2672-2682; AU, FKC et al. (2017). Dev. Cell 40(1); 81-94).
Specificity
This rabbit polyclonal antibody GAS2-like protein 1 (GAS2L1) in human cells. It targets an epitope with in 188 amino acids from the C-terminal half.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-GAS2L1

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

GST-tagged recombinant fragment corresponding to 188 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human GAS2-Like protein 1.
Epitope: C-terminus

Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected GAS2L1 in Western Blotting applications (Au, F.K., et. al. (2017). Dev Cell. 40(1):81-94).
Immunoprecipitation Analysis: 1 µg from a representative lot detected GAS2L1 in U2OS cell lysate (Courtesy of Dr Robert Z. Qi and Dr. Franco K.C. Au at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology).
Immunofluorescence Analysis: A representative lot detected GAS2L1 in Immunofluorescence applications (Au, F.K., et. al. (2017). Dev Cell. 40(1):81-94).
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected GAS2L1 in lysate from HeLa cells, but not in lysate from GAS2L1 knockout cells (Courtesy of Dr Robert Z. Qi and Dr. Franco K.C. Au at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology).
Research Category
Neuroscience
Anti-GAS2L1, Cat. No. ABN2261, is a highly specific rabbit polyclonal antibody that targets GAS2-like protein 1 (Gas2L1) and has been tested for use in Immunofluorescence, Immunoprecipitation, and Western Blotting.
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in HeLa and GAS2L1 knockout lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: 0.9 µg/mL of this antibody detected GAS2-like protein 1 (Gas2L1) in HeLa cell lysate. It did not detect GAS2L1 in lysate from knockout cells.
Target description
~78 kDa observed; 72.72 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Affinity Purified
Format: Purified
Purified rabbit polyclonal antibody in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide and 10% glycerol.
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at -20°C from date of receipt. Handling Recommendations: Upon receipt and prior to removing the cap, centrifuge the vial and gently mix the solution. Aliquot into microcentrifuge tubes and store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles, which may damage IgG and affect product performance.

GATA-1 (ERYF1, GF-1, NF-1) is a Cys2/Cys2 zinc finger DNA binding protein that is expressed primarily in erythroid, megakaryocytic, mast cells and eosinophilic cells.
GATA is an important cis-element factor in the haematopoietic lineage belongs to GATA-binding protein family. It was first identified in the analysis of globin gene promoters and enhancers. There are different types of GATA proteins: GATA-1, GATA-2, GATA-3. It is expressed in erythroid, mast, megakaryocytic lineages, multipotential progenitor cells and lines.

biological source	rabbit
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
application(s)	immunofluorescence: suitable","immunoprecipitation (IP): suitable","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG
NCBI accession no.	NP_689422,
UniProt accession no.	Q99501-1,
Gene Information	human ... GAS2L1(10634)

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Anti-GATA1 antibody produced in rabbit

synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal region of human GATA-1 (amino acids 394-413).

Anti-GATA1 antibody produced in rabbit has been used in gel mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting. It has also been used in confocal microscopy analysis.
Biochem/physiol Actions
GATA is a lineage-restricted transcription factor which plays a pivotal role in erythroid differentiation. It possesses potential binding sites in the regulatory sequences of all erythroid genes. GATA is expressed at higher levels during erythroid maturation. It is essential for terminal differentiation of erythrocytes and megakaryocytes and associated in vivo with the acetyl transferase p300/CBP. Mutation in GATA1 causes thrombocytopenia and abnormal platelet function.
GATA-binding factor 1 (GATA-1) is involved in blocking apoptosis of precursor cells and in controlling the balance between proliferation and cell cycle arrest.
Physical form
Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 1% bovine serum albumin and 15 mM sodium azide.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	200
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous solution
mol wt	antigen 45 kDa
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	microarray: suitable","western blot: 1:200 using a whole extract from a human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, K562
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P15976,
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... GATA1(2623)

Endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 (UniProt: P23769; also known as GATA-binding protein 2) is encoded by the GATA2 gene (Gene ID: 2624) in human. GATA2 is a zinc-finger transcriptional activator that regulates endothelin-1 gene expression in endothelial cells. It binds to the consensus sequence 5-AGATAG-3. GATA2 is expressed in embryonic brain and liver, endothelial cells, and in erythroid cells. GATA2 mutations appear to cause loss of function of the mutated allele leading to haploinsufficiency, which results in immunodeficiency characterized by significantly reduced or absent monocytes, B-lymphocytes, natural killer lymphocytes, and circulating and tissue dendritic cells. However, it does not affect the T-cell number. This deficiency leads to increased susceptibility to mycobacterial, papillomavirus, and opportunistic fungal infections. Certain mutations in GATA2 are also linked to lymphedema that results in swelling of the extremities due to altered lymphatic flow.
Specificity
Clone 3C10.1 specifically detects Endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 in human. It targets an epitope within 114 amino acids from the internal region.

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 2
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-GATA2 Antibody, clone 3C10.1

GST/His-tagged recombinant fragment corresponding to 114 amino acids from the internal region of human GATA2.

Anti-GATA2 Antibody, clone 3C10.1, Cat. No. MABS1814, is a mouse monoclonal antibody that targets GATA2 and has been tested in Western Blotting.
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in SH-SY5Y cell lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution of this antibody detected GATA2 in 10 µg of SH-SY5Y cell lysate.
Target description
~52 kDa observed; 50.50 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Format: Purified

Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.

Quality Level	100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified immunoglobulin
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	3C10.1, monoclonal
species reactivity	human
species reactivity (predicted by homology)	mouse (based on 100% sequence homology)
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG2b
NCBI accession no.	NP_001139133,
UniProt accession no.	P23769,
shipped in	ambient
Gene Information	human ... GATA2(2624)

Guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1 (UniProt: P43081; also known as GCAP 1, Guanylate cyclase activator 1A) is encoded by the Guca1a (also known as Gcap, Gcap1, Guca1) gene (Gene ID: 14913) in murine species. GCAP1 is a membrane bound protein that stimulates retinal guanylyl cyclase when free calcium ions concentration is low and inhibits guanylyl cyclase when free calcium ions concentration is elevated. This Ca2+-sensitive regulation of retinal guanylyl cyclase appears to be a key event in recovery of the dark state of rod photoreceptors following light exposure. GCAP1 is present in rod and cone photoreceptor outer segments where phototransduction occurs. It binds three calcium ions (via EF-hands 2, 3 and 4) when calcium levels are high. Binds Mg2+ when calcium levels are low. Three calcium-binding sites are identified (aa 64-75; 100-111; and 144-155). GCAP1 restores the calcium sensitivity of guanylyl cyclase in a reconstituted system, and it decreases the sensitivity, time-to-peak, and recovery time of the light response following its introduction into intact rod outer segments. (Ref.: Gorczyca WA (1995). J. Biol Chem. 270(37); 22029-36; Schrem A et al. (1999). J Biol Chem. 274(10); 6244-49).
Specificity
Clone 6B12 detects Guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1 in Bovine, Human, Mouse, Porcine, and Rat. It targets an epitope within 45 amino acids from the C-terminal region.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-GCAP1 Antibody, clone 6B12

GST-fusion protein containing 45 amino acids from the C-terminal region of murine GCAP1. It does not display any homology with GCAP2.
Epitope: C-terminus

Research Category
Neuroscience
Immunofluorescence Analysis: A representative lot detected GCAP1 in Immunofluorescence applications (Zulliger, R., et. al. (2015). J Biol Chem. 290(6):3488-99).
Immunofluorescence Analysis: A 1:10 dilution from a representative lot detected GCAP1 in mouse retina.
Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected GCAP1 in Western Blotting applications (Zulliger, R., et. al. (2015). J Biol Chem. 290(6):3488-99).
Immunoprecipitation Analysis: A representative lot detected GCAP1 in Immunoprecipitation applications (Zulliger, R., et. al. (2015). J Biol Chem. 290(6):3488-99).
Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A 1:50 dilution from a representative lot detected GCAP1 in human retina tissue.
Anti-GCAP1, clone 6B12, Cat. No. MABN2396, is a highly specific mouse monoclonal antibody that targets Guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1 and has been tested in Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunoprecipitation, and Western Blotting.
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in C57BL/6 mouse retinal tissue lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: 1 µg/mL of this antibody detected GCAP1 in C57BL/6 mouse retinal tissue lysate.
Target description
23 kDa observed; 22.99 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Format: Purified
Purified mouse monoclonal antibody IgG2a in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Protein G purified
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.

Quality Level	100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	6B12, monoclonal
species reactivity	porcine, human, mouse, bovine, rat
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
application(s)	immunofluorescence: suitable","immunohistochemistry: suitable (paraffin)","immunoprecipitation (IP): suitable","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG2a
NCBI accession no.	NP_032215.2,
UniProt accession no.	P43081,

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-GCLM antibody produced in rabbit

HPA023696 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

Applications in which this antibody has been used successfully, and the associated peer-reviewed papers, are given below.
Immunohistochemistry (1 paper),
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST76485,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:200
immunogen sequence	RTLHLQTGNLLNWGRLRKKCPSTHSEELHDCIQKTLNEWSSQINPDLVREFPDVLECTVSHAVE
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P48507,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... GCLM(2730)

Gamma-tubulin complex component 2 (UniProt: Q921G8; also known as GCP2) is encoded by the Tubgcp2 (also known as Gcp2) gene (Gene ID: 74237) in murine species. Gamma-tubulin complex that is essential for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome is composed of gamma-tubulin, GCP2, GCP3, GCP4, GCP5 and GCP6. GCPs are characterized by sequence homology in two specific regions known as the grip1 and grip2 motifs. GPCs associate with gamma-tubulin to form a V-shaped subcomplex known as gamma-tubulin small complex. In this complex GCPs 2 and 3 interact via their N-terminal domain and form the arms of the V. The two-distal part of the V (C-terminal domains) bind to gamma-tubulin. The gamma-tubulin complex serves as a template for polarized growth and regulation of microtubules in eukaryotes. Significantly higher expression of both GPC2 and 3 have been reported in glioblastoma cells and they are concentrated I the centrosomes in interphase glioblastoma cells. Depletion of GPC2 and 3 causes accumulation of cells in G2/M and result in mitotic delay. (Ref.: Farache, D., et al. (2016). J. Biol. Chem. 291(44); 23112-25; Draberova, E., et al. (2015). J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 74(7); 723-42).
Specificity
Clone GCP2-02 specifically detects GCP2 in T98G glioblastoma cells. It targets an epitope with in 12 amino acids from the N-terminal region.

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-GCP2 Antibody, clone GCP2-02

GST-tagged recombinant fragment corresponding to the first 194 amino acids from the N-terminal region of murine Gamma-tubulin complex component 2.

Research Category
Cell Structure
Anti-GCP2, clone GCP2-02, Cat. No. MABT1322, is a mouse monoclonal antibody that detects Gamma-tubulin complex component 2 (CGP2) and has been tested for use in ELISA, Electron Microscopy, Immunocytochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, and Western Blotting.
Western Blotting Analysis: 1 µg/mL from a representative lot detected GCP2 in human glioblastoma T98G cell lysate.
Immunoprecipitation Analysis: A representative lot immunoprecipitated GCP2 in Immunoprecipitation applications (Draberova, E., et. al. (2015). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 74(7):723-42).
Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A representative lot detected GCP2 in Immunocytochemistry applications (Draberova, E., et. al. (2015). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 74(7):723-42).
Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected GCP2 in Western Blotting applications (Draberova, E., et. al. (2015). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 74(7):723-42).
ELISA Analysis: A representative lot detected GCP2 in ELISA applications (Draberova, E., et. al. (2015). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 74(7):723-42).
Electron Microscopy Analysis: A representative lot detected GCP2 in Electron Microscopy applications (Draberova, E., et. al. (2015). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 74(7):723-42).
Immunoprecipitation Analysis: A represnetative lot immunoprecipitated GCP2 in mouse bone-marrow mast cells (Courtesy of Pavel Draber, Ph.D., Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic).
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in T98G human glioblastoma cell lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: 1 µg/mL of this antibody detected GCP2 in lysate from T98G human glioblastoma cells.
Target description
~100 kDa observed; 103.22 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Purified mouse monoclonal antibody IgG1 in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Format: Purified
Protein G purified
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.

ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA3 (UniProt: Q9NZ52; also known as Golgi-localized, gamma ear-containing, ARF-binding protein 3) is encoded by the GGA3 (also known as KIAA0154) gene (Gene ID: 23163) in human. GGA3 is a monomeric, ubiquitously expressed protein found in trans-Golgi network (TGN) membrane and endosome membrane. It plays a vital role in protein sorting and trafficking between the trans-Golgi network and endosomes. It mediates the ARF-dependent recruitment of clathrin to the TGN and binds ubiquitinated proteins and membrane cargo molecules with a cytosolic acidic cluster-dileucine (AC-LL) motif. Four isoforms of GGA3 have been described that are produced by alternative splicing. It contains a VHS domain (aa 16-146) that functions as a recognition module for sorting signals composed of an acidic cluster followed by two leucines. Its GAT domain (aa 171-298) is responsible for interaction with ARF-GTP, UBC, and RAB GTPase Binding Effector Protein 1 (RABEP1) and prevents ARF-GTP hydrolysis. GGA3 also has a GAE domain (aa 594-715) that binds accessory proteins regulating GGAs function. GGA3 also contains an auto-inhibitory motif (aa 391-395). GGA3 can be phosphorylated by casein kinase 2 and dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A. GGA3 phosphorylation allows the internal AC-LL motif to bind VHS domain and inhibit the recognition of cargo signals.
Specificity
Clone 3G5.1 detects ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA3 in human and murine cells. It targets an epitope within 103 amino acids from the internal region.

biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	GCP2-02, monoclonal
species reactivity	fish, human, frog, chicken, mouse
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
application(s)	ELISA: suitable","electron microscopy: suitable","immunocytochemistry: suitable","immunoprecipitation (IP): suitable","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG1
NCBI accession no.	NP_001272936.1,
UniProt accession no.	Q921G8,

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Anti-GGA3 Antibody, clone 3G5.1

GST/His-tagged recombinant fragment corresponding to 103 amino acids from the internal region of human ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA3.

Anti-GGA3, clone 3G5.1, Cat. No. MABN1556, is a highly specific mouse monoclonal antibody that targets ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA3 and has been tested for use in Western Blotting.
Research Category
Neuroscience
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in Neuro-2a cell lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: 1 µg/mL of this antibody detected GGA3 in 10 µg of Neuro-2a cell lysate.
Target description
~80 kDa observed; 78.32 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physical form
Purified mouse monoclonal antibody IgG2b in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Format: Purified
Protein G purified
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.

Quality Level	100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified immunoglobulin
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	3G5.1, monoclonal
species reactivity	mouse, human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
application(s)	western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG2b
NCBI accession no.	NP_619525,
UniProt accession no.	Q9NZ52,
shipped in	ambient

Somatoliberin (UniProt: P09916; also known as Growth hormone-releasing factor, GRF, Growth hormone-releasing hormone, GHRH) is encoded by the Ghrh gene (Gene ID: 29446) in rat. GHRH F is released by the hypothalamus and acts on the adenohypophyse to stimulate the secretion of growth hormone. The release of growth hormone from pituitary gland depends of the interplay between the stimulatory action of GHRH and inhibitory action of somatotropin release inhibiting factor (SRiF) or somatostatin. These two neurohormones are shown to be released in a reciprocal manner from the median eminence into the portal circulation and result in ultradian rhythmic release pattern of growth hormone.. Post-translational removal of the signal peptide (aa 1-19) and the two propeptide sequences (aa 20-30) and aa 75-104) releases the 43 aa mature Somatoliberin (aa 31-73), which functions as a ligand to stimulate growth hormone (GH) release from the pituitary. Variant receptors for GHRH have been found in several types of tumors, and antagonists of these receptors are shown to block the growth of the tumors. Defects in Ghrh gene are a known to cause of dwarfism, while hypersecretion of the encoded GHRH can lead to gigantism.
Specificity
This sheep polyclonal antibody detects somatolierin (GHRH) in mouse and rat brain sections. It targets an epitope within the first 29 amino acids.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-GHRH (Somatoliberin)

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

BSA-conjugated synthetic linear peptide corresponding to the first 29 amino acids from rat Somatoliberin (GHRH).
Epitope: N-terminus

Anti-GHRH (Somatoliberin) Antibody, Cat. No. ABN993, is a highly specific sheep polyclonal antibody that targets Somatoliberin (GHRH) and has been tested in Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), and Radioimmunoassay.
Research Category
Neuroscience
Radioimmunoassay Analysis: A representative lot detected GHRH (Somatoliberin) in Radioimmunoassay applications (Tannenbaum, G.S., et. al. (1990). Endocrinology. 127(6):3087-95).
Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A representative lot detected GHRH (Somatoliberin) in Immunohistochemistry applications (Tannenbaum, G.S., et. al. (1990). Endocrinology. 127(5):2551-60; Epelbaum, J., et. al. (1989). J Neuroendocrinol. 1(2):109-15).
Immunofluorescence Analysis: A representative lot detected GHRH (Somatoliberin) in Immunofluorescence applications (Stroh, T., et. al. (2009). J Neurosci. 29(25):8198-205).
Quality
Evaluated by Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) in mouse brain lateral hypothalamic region.
Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A 1:2,000 dilution of this antibody detected GHRH (Somatoliberin) in mouse brain lateral hypothalamic region.
Target description
12.27 kDa calculated.
Physical form
Format: Unpurified
Sheep polyclonal antiserum with 0.01% sodium azide.
Unpurified
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at -20°C from date of receipt.
Handling Recommendations: Upon receipt and prior to removing the cap, centrifuge the vial and gently mix the solution. Aliquot into microcentrifuge tubes and store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles, which may damage IgG and affect product performance.

The GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) gene encodes an intermediate protein filament-III (50kDa). It is localized particularly to the astrocytes and non-myelinating Schwann cells of the central and peripheral nervous system, respectively.
Specificity
The product reacts specifically with GFAP and labels astrocytes, glial cells and glial cell derived tumors in immunohistochemical staining. The antibody reacts with glial specific antigen in alcohol or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human or animal tissue sections.

Quality Level	100
biological source	sheep
antibody form	unpurified
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
species reactivity	mouse, rat
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	immunofluorescence: suitable","immunohistochemistry: suitable (paraffin)","radioimmunoassay: suitable
isotype	IgG
NCBI accession no.	NP_113765,
UniProt accession no.	P09916,
shipped in	ambient

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Anti-Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein antibody produced in rabbit

MDL number:	MFCD00145904
NACRES:	NA.41

GFAP from human brain

Anti-Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein antibody produced in rabbit is suitable for:

immunohistochemical staining at a working dilution of 1:400 using rat brain sections
immunohistochemical staining of human brain tumor tissue specimens to identify the cells expressing AQP4 (Aquaporin-4)
immunofluorescence using brain section from mice

The antibody is suitable for immunohistochemistry at a working dilution of 1:80 using alcohol- and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of human or animal brain tissue. It is also suitable for indirect immunoblotting at a working dilution of 1:500 using human brain extract blot and microarray.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Glial fibrillary acidic protein may be used as a marker for distinguishing astrocytes from other glial cells during development of the central nervous system. GFAP is responsible for maintaining the structure of glial cells. It also offers mechanical strength and support to the surrounding neurons and blood brain barrier. Defects in this gene causes Alexander disease, indicated by Rosenthal fibers deposition. It is a rare disorder of astrocytes in the central nervous system. Increased GFAP expression indicates astrogliosis, a sign of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.
Physical form
Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide
Storage and Stability
Store at 2-8 °C up to one month. For extended storage, solution may be frozen in working aliquots. Repeated freezing and thawing, or storage in "frost-free" freezers, is not recommended. If slight turbidity occurs upon prolonged storage, clarify by centrifugation before use.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	200
antibody form	IgG fraction of antiserum
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous solution
species reactivity	rat, human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): 1:80 using brain sections","microarray: suitable","western blot: 1:500 using brain extract
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P14136,
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... GFAP(2670) rat ... Gfap(24387)

Glial fibrillary acidic protein is a class-III intermediate filament. GFAP is the main constituent of intermediate filaments in astrocytes and serves as a cell specific marker that distinguishes differentiated astrocytes from other glial cells during the development of the central nervous system.
Specificity
Reactivity with other species has not been determined.
Glial fibrillar acidic protein. On western blots of extracts from a human glioma cell line (U33CG/343MG), MAB360 recognizes a band at approximately 51 kDa corresponding to GFAP (Debus, 1983). By immunohistochemistry it recognizes astrocytes and Bergmann glia cells, glioma and glial cell derived tumors. Shows no cross-reactivity with vimentin.

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 2
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Antibody, clone GA5

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

Purified GFAP from porcine spinal cord.

Anti-Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Antibody, clone GA5 detects level of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein & has been published & validated for use in IC, IH, IH(P) & WB with more than 65 product citations.
Immunocytochemistry:
A previous lot was used on cultured mammalian cells.
Immunohistochemistry(paraffin):
1:400-1:800 dilution from a previous lot was used on alcohol-fixed paraffin embedded sections of rat brain (cerebrum or cerebellum) and human brain.
Immunoblotting: A 1:1000 dilution of a previous lot was used.
Optimal working dilutions must be determined by the end user
Quality
Routinely evaluated by Western Blot on Mouse brain lysates.
Western Blot Analysis:
1:1000 dilution of this lot detected GFAP on 10 µg of Mouse brain lysates.
Target description
~ 51 kDa

Replaces: 04-1031; 04-1062
Physical form
Unpurified mouse monoclonal IgG1 liquid in buffer containing 15 mM sodium azide.
Analysis Note
Control
Positive Control: Cultured astrocytes, brain tissue (white matter), spinal chord, retina

Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.

CHEMICON is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

Quality Level	100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	ascites fluid
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	GA5, monoclonal
species reactivity	chicken, pig, mouse, rat, rabbit, bovine, human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
Торговая марка	Chemicon^®
application(s)	immunocytochemistry: suitable","immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): suitable","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG1
NCBI accession no.	NM_002055.2,
UniProt accession no.	P14136,
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... GFAP(2670)

Glucocerebrosidase is an enzyme having glucosylceramidase activity. Defect in lysosomal hydrolase glucocerebrosidase results in Gaucher disease. Mutation in GBA will retard or block the transport of GBA to endoplasmic reticulum. Anti-glucocerebrosidase (C-terminal) antibody can be used to incubate the SDS-PAGE gel. Anti-Glucocerebrosidase antibody reacts specifically with human GBA.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Glucocerebrosidase (C-terminal) antibody produced in rabbit

synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 517-536 of human glucocerebrosidase (GBA), conjugated to KLH. This sequence is identical in rat GBA and highly conserved in mouse GBA (single amino acid substitution).

Anti-Glucocerebrosidase (C-terminal) antibody produced in rabbit has been used in

immunohistochemistry
immunoblot analysis

Anti-glucocerebrosidase (C-terminal) antibody can be used in western blotting and immunoblotting.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) activity is reduced in human with mutations in GBA gene and causes accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer). Fibroblasts from patients with defined GBA mutations show either retarded or blocked transport of GBA in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in the human GBA gene may contribute to the development of common age-related dementia known as dementia with Lewy bodies. Several studies indicate that mutations in the human GBA gene are associated with early-onset Parkinson disease.
Glucocerebrosidase is an enzyme having glucosylceramidase activity. Defect in lysosomal hydrolase glucocerebrosidase results in Gaucher disease. Mutation in GBA will retard or block the transport of GBA to endoplasmic reticulum.
Physical form
Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	200
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous solution
mol wt	antigen ~60 kDa
species reactivity	human, mouse, rat
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
concentration	~1 mg/mL
application(s)	western blot: 1-2 µg/mL using HEK293-T cells lysate expressing human glucocerebrosidase (GBA)
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P04062,
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... GBA(2629) mouse ... Gba(14466)

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-GluR2 Antibody AB1768-I

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

Glutamate receptors (GluRs) can be categorized as ionotropic or metabotropic and subcatergorized by their agonist preferences (NMDA, AMPA or Kainic acid). There are four types of AMPA selective GluR subunits (GluR1, GluR2, GluR3 and GluR4). Tetrameric or pentameric combinations of different subunits contributes to the functional diversity of AMPA receptors. In general, AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic current at most excitatory synapses, with stoichiometry characterized by subtype composition. Although subunit composition of AMPA receptors varies, they must contain at least one edited GluR2 subunit to be calcium impermeable. Relative calcium permeability in AMPA receptor channels may be significant in pathological neurotoxic damage and long term changes in nervous system responses.
Specificity
This antibody recognizes the cytoplasmic domain of Glutamate Receptor 2.

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of rat GluR2.
Epitope: Cytoplasmic domain

Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A 1:4,000 dilution from a representative lot detected GluR2 in normal human and rat brain tissues.
Research Sub Category
Signaling Neuroscience
Research Category
Neuroscience
This GluR2 antibody is validated for use in WB & IHC for the detection of the GluR2 protein.
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blotting in mouse brain tissue lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: 0.5 µg/mL of this antibody detected GluR2 in 10 µg of mouse brain tissue lysate.
Target description
~108 kDa observed. Three isoforms at 99 kDa, 99 kDa, and 100 kDa are known to exist due to alternative splicing.
There is no known homology to mouse and rat GluR1, GluR3 and GluR4. There was no homology detected to GluR1 and GluR3 in human, but there is 67% sequence homology to GluR4. An uncharacterized band may be observed at ~75 kDa in some cell lysates.

Replaces: AB1768-25UG
Physical form
Purified rabbit polyclonal in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Affinity purified
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.
Analysis Note
Control
Mouse brain tissue lysate

GLUTs (Glucose transporters) are a family of integral membrane proteins that facilitative glucose uptake by cells. They are integral membrane glycoproteins involved in transporting glucose into most cells. Seven types of glucose transport carrier proteins, designated as GLUT 1 to 7, facilitate glucose transport across the cell membrane. Molecular cloning of glucose transporters have identified a family of closely related genes that encode at least 7 proteins exhibiting high degree of amino acid homology (45% to 65%), all in the molecular weight range of 40 to 60 kDa. GLUT1 functions in constitutive or basal glucose uptake in adult tissues and is the predominant glucose transporter in embryonic and fetal tissues. It has two forms, a 55 kDa and a 45 kDa. The 55 kDa form of GLUT1 regulates import of glucose from blood to brain across the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), whereas the 45 kDa form of GLUT1 predominantly regulates nonvascular glial glucose uptake.
Specificity
This antibody recognizes GLUT1 at the C-terminus.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
purified by	affinity chromatography
species reactivity	human, mouse, rat
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µg
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: suitable (paraffin)","western blot: suitable
NCBI accession no.	NP_058957,
UniProt accession no.	P19491,
shipped in	wet ice

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Anti-GLUT1 (CT) Antibody, clone 5B12.3

eCl@ss:	32160702
NACRES:	NA.41

Epitope: C-terminus
KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to the C-terminus of human GLUT1.

Anti-GLUT1 (C-terminus) Antibody, clone 5B12.3 is an antibody against GLUT1 (C-terminus) for use in Western Blotting & IHC.
Research Category
Signaling
Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected GLUT1 in rat cerebellum and human cerebellum tissues.
Research Sub Category
Developmental Signaling
Quality
Evaluated by Western Blot in NGF treated PC-12 cell lysate.
Western Blot Analysis: 0.1 µg/mL of this antibody detected GLUT1 in 10 µg of NGF treated PC-12 cell lysate.
Target description
~54 kDa observed
Physical form
Protein G Purified
Purified mouse monoclonal IgG1κ in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Format: Purified
Storage and Stability
Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt.
Analysis Note
Control
NGF treated PC-12 cell lysate

Quality Level	100
biological source	mouse
antibody form	purified immunoglobulin
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	5B12.3, monoclonal
species reactivity	rat, human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: suitable","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG1
NCBI accession no.	NP_006507,
UniProt accession no.	P11166,
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	2-8°C
Gene Information	human ... SLC2A1(6513)