Enhanced Validation Antibodies

HPA009174 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

VAPA (vesicle associated membrane protein associated protein A) gene is localized to human chromosome 18p11. The encoded protein is also called VAP33, which shows a wide range of tissue expression. It is an integral membrane protein, which is composed of coiled-coil domains. This protein was originally isolated from Aplysia as an interacting partner of VAMP/synaptobrevin. This protein co-localizes with occluding at the tight junctions in cells. This protein has a molecular weight of 33kDa.

Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
VAPA (vesicle associated membrane protein associated protein A) plays an essential role in vesicular neurotransmission, where it interacts with presynaptic proteins. Studies suggest that SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the 3′UTR (untranslated region) of this gene are linked with bipolar disorder. It is essential for the replication of HCV (hepatitis C virus), where it interacts with HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) in a G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2)-mediated manner. As this protein binds with VAMP/synaptobrevin, it is thought to be involved in vesicle docking and fusion.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST71717,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

Prestige Antibodies is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	RNAi knockdown
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:200-1:500
immunogen sequence	NDKLGITPPGNAPTVTSMSSINNTVATPASYHTKDDPRGLSVLKQEKQKNDMEPSKAVPLNASKQDGPMPKPHSVSLNDTETRKLMEECKRLQGEMMKLSEENRHLRDEGLRLRKVAHSDKPGSTSTASF
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q9P0L0,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VAPA(9218)

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VAPB antibody produced in rabbit

HPA013144 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B/C (VAPB) belongs to the VAP family. It contains three structural domains: the major sperm protein (MSP) domain, an amphipathic helical structure and a carboxy-terminal domain that acts as a membrane anchor. VAPB is localized in intracellular membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The gene encoding this protein is located on chromosome 20q13.3.

Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B/C recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B/C (VAPB) plays a role during endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport and secretion. It has been shown to act in the unfolded protein response which is activated whenever misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER. Mutations in the gene encoding VAPB are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and late-onset spinal muscular atrophy.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST71876,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human, rat, mouse
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:500-1:1000
immunogen sequence	VWKEAKPEDLMDSKLRCVFELPAENDKPHDVEINKIISTTASKTETPIVSKSLSSSLDDTEVKKVMEECKRLQGEVQRLREENKQFKEEDGLRMRKTVQSNSPISALAPTGK
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	O95292,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VAPB(9217)

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VARS antibody produced in rabbit

HPA046710 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

valyl-tRNA synthetase recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST83289,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	RNAi knockdown
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:1000-1:2500
immunogen sequence	AVALASDRCSIHLQLQGLVDPARELGKLQAKRVEAQRQAQRLRERRAASGYPVKVPLEVQEADEAKLQQTEAELRKVDEAIALFQKML
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P26640,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VARS(7407)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VASH1 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA000653 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

Vasohibin-1 recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Vasohibin-1 is a protein encoded by the VASH1 gene in humans. It is an angiogenesis inhibitor that is specifically expressed in human vascular endothelial cells in response to vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2. It acts as an endothelium-derived negative feedback regulator of angiogenesis. It is induced by fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). The gene is related to angiogenesis and poor prognosis in several types of cancers. Overexpression of this gene in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells increases malignant potential and promotes metastasis. Vasohibin-1 may act as a new biomarker to provide additional prognostic information in patients with colorectal cancer.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST70356,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:200
immunogen sequence	GALGMSRREDLMYKPPAFRTLSELVLDFEAAYGRCWHVLKKVKLGQSVSHDPHSVEQIEWKHSVLDVERLGRDDFRKELERHARDMRLKIGKGTGPPSPTKDRKKDVSSPQRAQSSPHRRNSRSERRPSGDKKTSEPKAMPD
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q7L8A9,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VASH1(22846)

VASP gene is located on human chromosome 19q13.2.
Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is an adhesion protein. It belongs to the conserved family of actin regulatory proteins made up of an EVH1 domain, an EVH2 domain and a proline-rich central region.

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VASP antibody produced in rabbit

MDL number:	MFCD01634352
Human Protein Atlas Number:	HPA005724 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

Applications in which this antibody has been used successfully, and the associated peer-reviewed papers, are given below.
Immunofluorescence (1 paper),
Western Blotting (1 paper),
Biochem/physiol Actions
Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) associates with the barbed ends of actin filaments and takes part in the antagonize filament capping, by interacting with the capping protein (CapZ). It reduces the density of Arp2/3-dependent actin filament branches and bind profilin at sites of actin polymerization. The N-terminal EVH1 domain interacts with proteins associated with focal adhesion plaques. The central proline-rich region interacts with SH3 domains and profilins. The C-terminal EVH2 domain aids in the tetramerization of actin by interacting with polymerized actin fibres.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST70083,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	mouse, human, rat
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:500-1:1000
immunogen sequence	PKAESGRSGGGGLMEEMNAMLARRRKATQVGEKTPKDESANQEEPEARVPAQSESVRRPWEKNSTTLPRMKSSSSVTTSETQPCTPSSSDYSDLQRVKQELLEEVKKELQKVK
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P50552,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VASP(7408)

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VAT1L antibody produced in rabbit

HPA044061 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

vesicle amine transport protein 1 homolog (T. californica)-like recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST82304,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

Prestige Antibodies is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL
immunogen sequence	DNPPKTPLVPGFECSGIVEALGDSVKGYEIGDRVMAFVNYNAWAEVVCTPVEFVYKIPDDMSFSEAAAFPMNFVTAYVMLFEVANL
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q9HCJ6,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VAT1L(57687)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VAV1 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA001864 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

VAV1 (vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1), a 95kDa protein, is a guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) exchange factor of Rac. It is present in almost all hemopoietic cells with a Dbl homology domain, a hallmark of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho-family GTPases.

Proto-oncogene vav recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
VAV1 (vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) helps to accelerate the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. The activity is controlled by phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase substrate through the Ras-dependent mechanism. VAV1 plays the core part in T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-dependent signaling pathways. Deficiency of VAV1 causes defective TCR-induced proliferation and cytokine synthesis in T-cells since VAV1 alters the activation signal of a calcium flux, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factor. It has also been reported that in phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) activation, VAVA1 performs via both phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) dependent and independent pathways.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST77489,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:20-1:50
immunogen sequence	LSWTPIAQNRGIMPFPTEEESVGDEDIYSGLSDQIDDTVEEDEDLYDCVENEEAEGDEIYEDLMRSEPVSMPPKMTEYDKRCCCLREIQQTEEKYTDTLGSIQQHFLKPLQRFLKPQDIEIIFINIEDLLRVHTHFLKEMKEAL
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P15498,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VAV1(7409)

ZooMAb® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies.
Each ZooMAb® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VCAM-1 Antibody, clone 5K19 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal

Specificity

Clone 5K19 is a ZooMAb® rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1). It targets an epitope within 17 amino acids from the C-terminal, extracellular domain.

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 17 amino acids from the C-terminal, extracellular domain of human Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1).

Quality Control Testing
Evaluated by Western Blotting with human recombinant VCAM-1.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:10,000 dilution of this antibody detected human recombinant VCAM-1.
Tested applications
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:10,000 dilution from a representative lot detected VCAM-1 in C2C12, NIH3T3, HUT-78, and MCF-7 cell lysates.
Affinity Binding Assay: A representative lot of this antibody bound VCAM-1 peptide with a KD of 5.6 x 10-6 in an affinity binding assay.
Immunofluorescence Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected VCAM-1 in human tonsil tissue sections.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected VCAM-1 in human tonsil tissue sections.
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user
Anti-VCAM-1, clone 5K19 ZooMAb®, Cat. No. ZRB1132, is a recombinant Mouse monoclonal antibody that specifically targets VCAM-1 and is tested for use in Affinity Binding Assay, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), and Western Blotting.
Target description
Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (UniProt: P19320; also known as V-CAM 1, VCAM-1, INCAM-100, CD106) is encoded by the VCAM1 gene (Gene ID: 7412) in human. VCAM-1 is a single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein that is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells. It is reported to be absent on resting endothelial cells, but the cells respond to IL-1 and TNFa by upregulating the expression of VCAM-1, with maximal activity reaching at 6 to 12 hours. VCAM-1 functions in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. It interacts with integrin a4/b1 on leukocytes and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. Under high degree of inflammation and chronic conditions in some diseases, VCAM-1 expression is also expressed on the surface of other cells, including tissue macrophages, dendritic cells, bone marrow fibroblasts, myoblasts, oocytes, Kupffer cells, Sertoli cells, and cancer cells. VCAM-1 is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-24), which is subsequently cleaved off to generate the mature form that contains an extracellular domain (aa 25-698), a transmembrane domain (aa 699-720), and a cytoplasmic domain (aa 721-739). The extracellular domain contains seven Ig-like C2-type domains. Ig-like domain pairs of 1 and 4, 2 and 5, and 3 and 6 are highly homologous with each other. This ZooMAb® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Kong, DH., et al. (2018). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19(4); 1057).
Physical form
Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS with 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 μL.
Reconstitution
300 μg/mL after reconstitution at 25 μL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
Storage and Stability
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 μL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

Quality Level	200
biological source	rabbit
recombinant	expressed in HEK 293 cells
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	5K19, recombinant monoclonal
description	recombinant, expressed in HEK 293 cells
product line	ZooMAb^®
form	lyophilized
mol wt	calculated mol wt 81.28 kDa","observed mol wt ~110 kDa
species reactivity	human
species reactivity (predicted by homology)	monkey
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
application(s)	affinity binding assay: suitable","immunofluorescence: suitable","immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): suitable","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG
epitope sequence	C-terminal
conjugate	unconjugated
Protein ID accession no.	NP_001069.1,
UniProt accession no.	P19320,
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	2-8°C

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VCAM1 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA034796 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST87093,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: 1:50- 1:200
immunogen sequence	IGDSVMLTCSVMGCESPSFSWRTQIDSPLSGKVRSEGTNSTLTLSPVSFENEHSYLCTVTCGHKKLEKGIQVELYSFPRDPEIEMSG
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P19320,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VCAM1(7412)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VCAN antibody produced in rabbit

HPA004726 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

Versican (VCAN) encodes a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan named as versican. It is expressed in human fibroblasts. It consists of a hyaluronic acid-binding domain at the amino-terminal end. In the C termini, two epidermal growth factor (EGF) like repeats, a lectin-like sequence, and a complement regulatory protein-like domain are present. At the center, there is a glycosaminoglycan attachment site.

Versican core protein precursor recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

Anti-VCAN antibody produced in rabbit, a Prestige Antibody, is developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),. Each antibody is tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues. These images can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. The antibodies are also tested using immunofluorescence and western blotting. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Versican (VCAN) is involved in cell recognition. It connects extracellular matrix components and cell surface glycoproteins. It binds hyaluronan to connect proteins. As a result, it forms the large aggregate for maintaining structural integrity. Mutation in VCAN is responsible for Wagner syndrome (WS), an autosomal dominant disorder. It affects various ocular features.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST86780,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: 1:200- 1:500
immunogen sequence	SLSGKVSLPCHFSTMPTLPPSYNTSEFLRIKWSKIEVDKNGKDLKETTVLVAQNGNIKIGQDYKGRVSVPTHPEAVGDASLTVVKLLASDAGLYRCDVMYGIEDTQDTVSLTVDGVVFHYRAATSRYTLNFEAA
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P13611,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VCAN(1462)

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VCL antibody produced in rabbit

HPA063777 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST90051,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

Prestige Antibodies is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq RNAi knockdown
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL
immunogen sequence	SALTSKLADLRRQGKGDSPEARALAKQVATALQNLQTKTNRAVANSRPAKAAVHLEGKIEQAQRWIDNPTVDDRGVGQAAIRGLVAEGHRLANVMMGP
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P18206,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VCL(7414)

Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (VCP) is an ATPase belonging to the ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA-ATPase) superfamily. The gene encoding VCP is located on chromosome 9pter-q34.

pictograms	GHS07
signalword	Warning
hcodes	H315 - H319
pcodes	P305 + P351 + P338
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VCP antibody produced in rabbit

MDL number:	MFCD04118704
Human Protein Atlas Number:	HPA012814 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (VCP) binds to the C-terminal region of Dorfin (an ubiquitin ligase) and its ATPase activity contributes to the E3 activity of Dorfin. It helps glycoprotein 78 (Gp78) in coupling ubiquitination to degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and has an important role in the recognition and degradation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) substrates. VCP also aids ring finger protein 8 (RNF8) to mediate assembly of signaling complexes. Missense mutations in the VCP gene leads to inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget′s disease of bone and front temporal dementia. It is characterized by the presence of vacuoles in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST71606,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	RNAi knockdown
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:500-1:1000
immunogen sequence	PVAKDVDLEFLAKMTNGFSGADLTEICQRACKLAIRESIESEIRRERERQTNPSAMEVEEDDPVPEIRRDHFEEAMRFARRSVSDNDIRKYEMFAQTLQQSRGFGSFRF
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	O15287,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... FANCG(2189)

ZooMAb antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies.
Each ZooMAb antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.
Learn more about ZooMAb here.,
Specificity
Clone 3M22 is a ZooMAb rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1). It targets an epitope within the C-terminal half.

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VDAC1 Antibody, clone 3M22, ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal

His-tagged recombinant fragment corresponding to 150 amino acids from the C-terminal half of human Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1).

Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected VDAC1 in HEK293, NIH3T3, and C6 cell lysate.
Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected VDAC1 in HeLa, A431, HUVEC, NIH 3T3, MCF-7, NTERA-2 cells.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected VDAC1 in human kidney and human heart tissue sections.
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.
Anti-VDAC1, clone 3M22 ZooMAb, Cat. No. ZRB1315, is a recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody that detects Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) and has been tested for use in Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), and Western Blotting.
Target description
Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (UniProt: P21796; also known as VDAC-1, hVDAC1, Outer mitochondrial membrane protein porin 1, Plasmalemmal porin, Porin 31HL, Porin 31HM) is encoded by the VDAC1 (also known as VDAC) gene (Gene ID: 7416) in human. VDAC1 is a multi-pass membrane protein that is expressed on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). It is one of the most abundant proteins on OMM. It serves as the gatekeeper for the passages of metabolites, nucleotides, and ions and with its interaction with Bcl-2 it plays a crucial role in regulating apoptosis. VDAC1 consists mainly of a membrane-spanning beta-barrel formed by 19 beta-strands. Its helical N-terminus folds back into the pore opening and plays a role in voltage-gated channel activity. VDAC1 forms a channel through the mitochondrial membrane and is involved in small molecule diffusion, cell volume regulation and apoptosis. It also participates in the formation of the permeability transition pore complex that is responsible for the release of mitochondrial products that triggers apoptosis. VDAC1 adopts an open conformation at low or zero membrane potential and a closed conformation at potentials above 30-40 mV. The open state has a weak anion selectivity whereas the closed state is shown to be cation-selective and can transport K+, Na+ and Ca2+. This ZooMAb recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Camara, AKS et al. (2017). Front. Physiol. 8; 460).
Physical form
Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS with 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 μL.
Reconstitution
300 μg/mL after reconstitution at 25 μL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
Storage and Stability
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 μL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

biological source	rabbit (recombinant)
recombinant	expressed in HEK 293 cells
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	3M22, monoclonal, recombinant monoclonal
product line	ZooMAb^® learn more,
form	lyophilized
mol wt	calculated mol wt 30.77 kDa, observed mol wt ~35 kDa
species reactivity	rat, mouse, human
packaging	pkg of 25 µL
greener alternative product characteristics	Waste Prevention Designing Safer Chemicals Design for Energy Efficiency Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry,.
enhanced validation	recombinant expression Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation,
application(s)	immunocytochemistry: suitable, immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): suitable, western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG
conjugate	unconjugated
greener alternative category	Aligned,
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	2-8°C

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VDAC2 antibody produced in rabbit HPA043475-100UL

HPA043475 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

voltage-dependent anion channel 2 recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST83263,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:20-1:50
immunogen sequence	MATHGQTCARPMCIPPSYADLGKAAR
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P45880,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VDAC2(7417)

ZooMAb® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies.Each ZooMAb® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.
Specificity
Clone 1O12 is a ZooMAb® Rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects VE-Cadherin. It targets an epitope within 15 amino acids from the extracellular domain in the C-terminal half.

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VE-Cadherin Antibody, clone 1O12 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 15 amino acids from the extracellular domain in the C-terminal half of human VE-Cadherin.

Anti-VE-Cadherin, clone 1O12 ZooMAb®, Cat. No. ZRB1286, is a recombinant Rabbit monoclonal antibody that targets VE-Cadherin and is tested for use in Affinity Binding Assay, Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), and Western Blotting.
Quality Control Testing
Evaluated by Western Blotting in HUVEC lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution of this antibody detected VE-Cadherin (CD144) in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) lysate.
Tested applications
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected VE-Cadherin in human brain tissue lysate.
Affinity Binding Assay: A representative lot of this antibody bound VE-Cadherin peptide with a KD of 9 x 10-8 in an affinity binding assay.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected VE-Cadherin in human testis and human cerebral cortex tissue sections.
Flow Cytometry Analysis: 1 µg from a representative lot detected VE-Cadherin in one million human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).
Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected VE-Cadherin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user
Target description
Cadherin-5 (UniProt: P33151; also known as 7B4 antigen, Vascular endothelial cadherin, VE-cadherin, CD144) is encoded by the CDH5 gene (Gene ID: 1003) in human. Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins that preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells and contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. They play an important role in endothelial cell biology through control of the cohesion and organization of the intercellular junctions. VE-Cadherin is a single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein that is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-25) and a propeptide (aa 26-47) that are subsequently cleaved off to generate the mature form that contain an extracellular domain (aa 48-599) with five cadherin repeats, a transmembrane domain (aa 600-620), and a cytoplasmic domain ( aa 621-784). Three calcium ions are usually bound at the interface of each cadherin domain and rigidify the connections, providing a strong curvature to the full-length ectodomains. VE-cadherin is mainly expressed in endothelial tissue and in the brain and plays a pivotal role in endothelium integrity and vascular permeability. It associates with a-catenin forming a link to the cytoskeleton. It acts in concert with Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1) and membrane palmitoylated protein 5 (MPP5) to establish and maintain correct endothelial cell polarity and vascular lumen. Amino acids region 621-660 is required for its interaction with MPP5. Two isoforms of Cadherin 5 have been described that are produced by alternative splicing. This ZooMAb® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals.
Physical form
Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS with 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb® formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 µL.
Reconstitution
300 μg/mL after reconstitution at 25 μL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
Storage and Stability
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 μL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

Quality Level	200
biological source	rabbit
recombinant	expressed in HEK 293 cells
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	1O12, recombinant monoclonal
description	recombinant, expressed in HEK 293 cells
product line	ZooMAb^®
form	lyophilized
mol wt	calculated mol wt 87.53 kDa","observed mol wt ~80 kDa
purified by	using Protein A
species reactivity	human
species reactivity (predicted by homology)	monkey
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
application(s)	affinity binding assay: suitable","immunocytochemistry: suitable","immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): suitable","western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG
epitope sequence	C-terminal half
conjugate	unconjugated
Protein ID accession no.	NP_001786.2,
UniProt accession no.	P33151,
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	2-8°C

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Anti-VEGFD antibody produced in rabbit

HPA027342 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

vascular endothelial growth factor D recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST74036,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100,
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	recombinant expression Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation,
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL, immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:200
immunogen sequence	TGCKCLPTAPRHPYSIIRRSIQIPEEDRCSHSKKLCPIDMLWDSNKCKCVLQEENPLAGTEDHSHLQEPALCGPHMMFDEDRCECVCKTPCPKDLIQHPKNCSCFECKESLETCCQKHKLFHPDT
conjugate	unconjugated
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... FIGF(2277)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VEPH1 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA026645 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

Ventricular zone-expressed PH domain-containing protein homolog 1 recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST74667,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:20-1:50
immunogen sequence	RAGDLFSLDDSEIEDSLTEALEQIKIISSSSDYQTNNNDQAVVEICITRITTAIRETESIEKHAKALVGLWDSCLEHNLRPFGKDEDTPHAKIASDIMSCILQNYNRPPVMALAIPIAVKFLHRGNKELCRNMS
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q14D04,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VEPH1(79674)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VGAT antibody produced in rabbit

HPA058859 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

solute carrier family 32 member 1 recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST83027,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq independent
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: 1:500- 1:1000
immunogen sequence	ATSVSNKSQAKMSGMFARMGFQAATDEEAVGFAHCDDLDFEHRQGLQMDILKAEGEPCGDEGAEAPVEGDIHYQRGSGAPLPPSGSKDQVG
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q9H598,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... SLC32A1(140679)

ZooMAb antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies.
Each ZooMAb antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.
Specificity
Clone 2E6 is a ZooMAb® rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects vesicular GABA transporter. It targets an epitope within 15 amino acids from the C-terminal, cytoplasmic domain.

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VGAT Antibody, clone 2E6 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 15 amino acids from the C-terminal, cytoplasmic domain of human Vesicular GABA transporter.

Quality Control Testing
Evaluated by Western Blotting in Human Brain tissue lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:500 dilution of this antibody detected VGAT in Human Brain tissue lysate.
Tested Applications
Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:100 Dilution from a representative lot detected VGAT in Y79 cell line.
Affinity Binding Assay Analysis: A representative lot of this antibody bound VGAT peptides with a KD of 5.3 x 10^-8 in an affinity binding assay.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected VGAT in human cerebellum tissue sections.
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user
Anti-VGAT, clone 2E6 ZooMAb®, Cat. No. ZRB1158, is a recombinant Rabbit monoclonal antibody that specifically targets VGAT and is tested for use in Affinity Binding Assay, Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), and Western Blotting.
Target description
Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (UniProt: Q9H598; also known as GABA and glycine transporter, Solute carrier family 32 member 1, Vesicular GABA transporter, hVIAAT, VGAT) is encoded by the SLC32A1 (also known as VGAT, VIAAT) gene (Gene ID: 140679) in human. VGAT is a multi-pass membrane protein with six cytoplasmic domains, ten transmembrane domains, and five vesicular lumenal domains. It is shown to be highly concentrated in the nerve endings of GABAergic neurons and in glycinergic nerve endings. It transports GABA and glycine into acidic vesicles and localizes to the synaptic vesicle in glycinergic and GABAergic neurons. It is also expressed throughout the horizontal cell tips at photoreceptor terminals in retina. VGAT expression has been reported in pancreatic islets of rat, however, its expression in human pancreatic islets is none to very low. This ZooMAb® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Chessler, SD., et al. (2002). Diabetes. 51(6); 1763-1771).
Physical form
Purified recombinant mouse monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS, 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 μL.
Reconstitution
300 μg/mL after reconstitution at 25 μL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
Storage and Stability
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 μL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	200,
recombinant	expressed in HEK 293 cells
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	2E6, monoclonal, recombinant monoclonal
product line	ZooMAb^® learn more,
form	lyophilized
mol wt	calculated mol wt ~ 57.42 kDa, observed mol wt ~ 64 kDa
species reactivity	human
species reactivity (predicted by homology)	bovine, monkey, rat, mouse
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	recombinant expression Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation,
application(s)	affinity binding assay: suitable, immunocytochemistry: suitable, immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): suitable, western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG
conjugate	unconjugated
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	2-8°C

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VGF antibody produced in rabbit

HPA072505 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

VGF nerve growth factor inducible

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST93084,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

Prestige Antibodies is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq independent
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: 1:500- 1:1000
immunogen sequence	QALDRPASPPAPSGSQQGPEEEAAEALLTETVRSQTHSLP
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	O15240,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VGF(7425)

pictograms	GHS07
signalword	Warning
hcodes	H315 - H319
pcodes	P305 + P351 + P338
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VGLL1 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA042403 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

Vestigial-like 1 (VGLL1) codes for a transcriptional co-activator, which has a similar structure to TAZ and YAP. It is located on human chromosome e Xq26.3.

vestigial-like family member 1
Biochem/physiol Actions
Vestigial-like 1 (VGLL1) regulates the hippo pathway in Drosophila. Expression of VGLL1 is linked with a triple-negative basal-like phenotype in breast cancer. Vgll1 also serves as a specific TEAD co-activator.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST74064,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: 1:1000- 1:2500
immunogen sequence	LSNIKSPQELTPSSQSEGVMLKNDDSMSPNQWRYSSPWTKPQPEVPVTNRAANCNLHVPGPMAVNQFSPSLARRASVRPGELWHFSSLAGTSSLEPGYSHPFPARHLVPEPQPDGKRE
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q99990,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VGLL1(51442)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VGLL4 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA038614 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

vestigial-like family member 4

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST87305,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	RNAi knockdown
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:200
immunogen sequence	EEHFRRSLGKNYKEPEPAPNSVSITGSVDDHFAKALGDTWLQIKAAKDGASSSPESASRRGQPASPSAHMVSHSHS
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q14135,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VGLL4(9686)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VGLUT1 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA063679 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

solute carrier family 17 member 7 recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST88047,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: 1:1000- 1:2500
immunogen sequence	PSISEEERKYIEDAIGESAKLMNPLTKFSTP
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q9P2U7,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... SLC17A7(57030)

Clone 4O15 is a ZooMAb rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects Vesicular glutamate transporter 1. It targets an epitope with in 19 amino acids from the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain.

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VGluT1 Antibody, clone 4O15, ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 19 amino acids from the C-terminal region of rat Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1).

Immunofluorescence Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected VGluT1 in rat brain and human brain tissue sections.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected VGluT1 in rat brain and human brain tissue sections.
Anti-VGluT1, clone 4O15 ZooMAb, Cat. No. ZRB2374, is a recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody that specifically targets Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1 (aka Slc17a7 or VGlut1) and has been tested for use in Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), and Western Blotting.
Target description
Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (UniProt: also known as VGluT1, Brain-specific Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter, Solute carrier family 17 member 7) is encoded by the Slc17a7 (also known as Bnpi, Vglut1) gene (Gene ID: 116638) in rat. VGluT1 is a multi-pass synaptic vesicle membrane protein that mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neuronal cells. Glutamate transporters mediate glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles and are driven by a proton electrochemical gradient generated by the vacuolar H+-ATPase. Two isoforms of VGluT1 have been reported that are produced by alternative splicing. VGluT1 is expressed in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Expression of isoform VGluT2 increases sharply during the first ten days of postnatal life, and also increases with increasing numbers of rhodopsin cells in the retina. It has been shown that both VGluT1 and VGluT2 are expressed prominently in the adult brain, however, during the first two weeks of postnatal development, VGluT2 expression predominates. VGluT1 expression becomes essential for survival at the time of the developmental switch from VGluT2 to VGLUT1. The VGluT1 knockout mice die at the age when a strong upregulation of VGluT1 through newly emerging VGluT1 synapses as well as a re+D4placement of the previously predominant VGLUT2 isoform in cerebellar, hippocampal, and cortical neurons occurs. This ZooMAb recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Wojcik, SM et al. (2004). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101(18): 7158-7163).
Physical form
Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS with 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 μL.
Reconstitution
30 μg/mL after reconstitution at 25 μL. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
Storage and Stability
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 μL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

biological source	rabbit (recombinant)
recombinant	expressed in HEK 293 cells
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	4O15, monoclonal","recombinant monoclonal
product line	ZooMAb^®
form	lyophilized
mol wt	calculated mol wt 61.66 kDa","observed mol wt ~53 kDa
species reactivity	rat, mouse, human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
greener alternative product characteristics	Waste Prevention Designing Safer Chemicals Design for Energy Efficiency.
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
application(s)	immunofluorescence: suitable using 1:100","immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): suitable using 1:100","western blot: suitable using 1:1,000
isotype	IgG
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q62634,
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	2-8°C
Gene Information	rat ... Slc17a7;Bnpi;Vglut1(116638)

ZooMAb antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies.
Each ZooMAb antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.
Learn more about ZooMAb here.,
Specificity
Clone 3C2 is a ZooMAb rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2). It targets an epitope within 18 amino acids from the C-terminal region.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VGLUT2 Antibody, clone 3C2, ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 18 amino acids from the C-terminal region of Rat Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2).

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected VGLUT2 in rat cerebellum and mouse brain striatum tissue sections.
Immunofluorescence Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected VGLUT2 in mouse cerebellum and rat cerebral cortex tissue sections.
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by the end user as specimens and experimental conditions may vary.
Anti-VGLUT2, clone 3C2 ZooMAb , Cat. No. ZRB1170, is a highly specific recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody that detects Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) and has been tested for use in Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), and Western Blotting.
Target description
Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (UniProt Q9JI12; also known as Differentiation-associated BNPI, Differentiation-associated Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter, Solute carrier family 17 member 6, VGLUT2) is encoded by the Slc17a6 (also known as Dnpi, Vglut2) gene (Gene ID 84487) in rat species. VGLUT2 is a multi-pass membrane protein that mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neurons. Its N- and C-terminal tails (aa 1-71 and 499-582, respectively) are exposed at the cytoplasmic side. VGluT1- and VGluT2-expressing neurons represent the bulk of canonical glutamatergic neurons in the brain, with VGluT1 representing the major subtype and accounting for approximately 80% of total vesicular transport of glutamate in the brain. In contrast, VGluT3 is found in discrete population of non-glutamatergic neurons using transmitters other than glutamate, such as cholinergic interneurons in the dorsal and ventral striatum, subpopulations of GABAergic basket cells in the cortex and hippocampus, and serotoninergic neurons, where it is involved in more subtle modulation of local transmission. This ZooMAb recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals.
Physical form
Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS with 5% Trehalose. Normal appearance is a coarse or translucent resin. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 μL.
Reconstitution
300 μg/mL after reconstitution at 25 μL. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
Storage and Stability
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 μL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

biological source	rabbit (recombinant)
recombinant	expressed in HEK 293 cells
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	3C2, recombinant monoclonal
product line	ZooMAb^® learn more,
form	lyophilized
mol wt	calculated mol wt 64.58 kDa, observed mol wt ~60 kDa
species reactivity	rat, mouse
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
greener alternative product characteristics	Waste Prevention Designing Safer Chemicals Design for Energy Efficiency Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry,.
enhanced validation	recombinant expression Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation,
application(s)	immunofluorescence: suitable, immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): suitable, western blot: suitable (peptide)
isotype	IgG
conjugate	unconjugated
greener alternative category	Aligned,
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	2-8°C

ZooMAb antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies.
Each ZooMAb antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.
Learn more about ZooMAb here.,
Specificity
Clone 8G9.2 is a ZooMAb mouse recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2.

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VGLUT2 Antibody, clone 8G9.2 ZooMAb® Mouse Monoclonal

Full-length recombinangt Rat Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2).

Anti-VGLUT2, clone 8G9.2 ZooMAb, Cat. No. ZMS1026, is a recombinant Mouse monoclonal antibody that targets Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and is tested in Immunocytochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), and Western Blotting.
Immunofluorescence Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected VGLUT2 in rat brain tissue sections.
Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected VGLUT2 in SH-SY5Y cells.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected VGLUT2 in rat hippocampus and human cerebral cortex tissue sections.
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user
Target description
Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (UniProt Q9JI12; also known as Differentiation-associated BNPI, Differentiation-associated Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter, Solute carrier family 17 member 6, VGluT2) is encoded by the Slc17a6 (also known as Dnpi, Vglut2) gene (Gene ID: 84487) in rat. VGluT2 is a multi-pass membrane protein that mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neurons. Its N- and C-terminal tails (aa 1-71 and 499-582, respectively) are exposed at the cytoplasmic side. VGLUT1- and VGLUT2-expressing neurons represent the bulk of canonical glutamatergic neurons in the brain, with VGLUT1 representing the major subtype and accounting for approximately 80% of total vesicular transport of glutamate in the brain. Expression of VGLUT2 is reported to increase sharply during the first ten days of postnatal life, and also increases with increasing numbers of rhodopsin cells in the retina. It has been shown that both VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 are expressed prominently in the adult brain, however, during the first two weeks of postnatal development, VGLUT2 expression predominates. VGLUT1 expression becomes essential for survival at the time of the developmental switch from VGLUT2 to VGLUT1. This ZooMAb recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals.
Physical form
Purified recombinant mouse monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS, 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 μL.
Reconstitution
300 μg/mL after reconstitution at 25 μL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
Storage and Stability
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 μL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

Quality Level	200,
biological source	mouse
recombinant	expressed in HEK 293 cells
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	8G9.2, monoclonal, recombinant monoclonal
product line	ZooMAb^® learn more,
form	lyophilized
mol wt	calculated mol wt 64.58 kDa, observed mol wt ~55 kDa
species reactivity	mouse, human, rat
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
greener alternative product characteristics	Waste Prevention Designing Safer Chemicals Design for Energy Efficiency Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry,.
enhanced validation	recombinant expression Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation,
application(s)	immunocytochemistry: suitable, immunofluorescence: suitable, immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): suitable, western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG1
conjugate	unconjugated
greener alternative category	Aligned,
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	2-8°C

WGK Germany

WGK 1

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Anti-VIL1 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA006884 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

VIL1 (villin 1) is a gastrointestinal-related cyto-skeletal protein attached with the actin core bundle of brush border microvilli. It is expressed in the various epithelial cell lines such as intestinal mucosa, gall bladder, renal tubule cells, ductuli efferentes of the testis.

Villin-1 recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
VIL1 (villin 1) is associated with several cellular processes including actin cytoskeleton assembly, cell morphology, anti-apoptotic activities, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. It is the main building block of cytoskeleton. In the presence of calcium, VIL1 binds to the microfilaments of actin. It acts as a potential diagnostic marker for several cancers such as cervical adenocarcinoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma and α-fetoprotein-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST70145,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	independent
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:200-1:500
immunogen sequence	PFKWSNTKSYEDLKAELGNSRDWSQITAEVTSPKVDVFNANSNLSSGPLPIFPLEQLVNKPVEELPEGVDPSRKEEHLSIEDFTQAFGMTPAAFSALPRWKQQNLKKE
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P09327,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VIL1(7429)

Visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1) belongs to a large family of neuronal Ca2+ sensor (NCS) proteins. The VILIP subfamily includes VILIP-1, VILIP-2, VILIP-3, hippocalcin and neurocalcin-. VILIP-1 is primarily expressed in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus. NCS proteins possess four EF-hand Ca2+-binding motifs, that facilitate their association with lipid bilayers.

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VILIP-1 (C-terminal) antibody produced in rabbit

Anti-VILIP-1 (C-terminal) antibody produced in rabbit has been used in immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1) associates with the plasma membrane and Golgi membranes and modulates the signaling of cAMP and cGMP in neuronal cells. It upregulates the expression of functional 42 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in hippocampal neurons. VILIP-1 modulates the activity of guanylyl cyclase B through clathrin dependent receptor cycling, supporting a role for VILIP-1 in membrane trafficking in the central nervous system (CNS). VILIP-1 is implicated in the pathology of CNS disorders including Alzheimers disease, schizophrenia and as a biomarker in ischemic stroke. VILIP-1 expression is regulated during induction of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, underlying learning and memory processes. Neuronal Ca2+ sensor (NCS) proteins are involved in a variety of Ca2+-dependent signal transduction processes in neurons.
Physical form
Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	rabbit
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous solution
mol wt	antigen ~22 kDa
species reactivity	mouse, human, rat
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
concentration	~1.5 mg/mL
application(s)	immunoprecipitation (IP): 5-10 µg using mouse brain extracts (S1 fraction)","western blot: 1.5-3.0 µg/mL using rat brain extracts (S1 fraction) and HEK-293T cell lysate overexpressing human VILIP-1
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P62760,
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VSNL1(7447) mouse ... Vsnl1(26950) rat ... Vsnl1(24877)

Visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1 also known as VSNL1, VILIP, HPCAL3, HUVISL1, HLP3), belongs to a large family of neuronal calcium (Ca2+) sensor (NCS) proteins. The VILIP subfamily includes VILIP-1, VILIP-2, VILIP-3, hippocalcin and neurocalcin-. VILIP-1 is primarily expressed in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus. The VILIP1 gene is mapped to human chromosome 2p24.2.
Specificity
Anti-VILIP-1 (N-terminal) specifically recognizes human, rat and mouse VILIP-1.

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VILIP-1 (N-terminal) antibody produced in rabbit

Anti-VILIP-1 (N-terminal) antibody produced in rabbit is suitable for immunoblotting.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Neuronal Ca2+ sensor (NCS) proteins possess four EF-hand Ca2+-binding motifs that facilitate their association with lipid bilayers. They are involved in a variety of Ca2+-dependent signal transduction processes in neurons. Visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1) associates with the plasma membrane and Golgi membranes and modulates the signaling of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in neuronal cells. VILIP-1 upregulates the expression of functional 42 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in hippocampal neurons. It controls the activation of guanylyl cyclase B through clathrin-dependent receptor cycling, supporting membrane trafficking in the central nervous system (CNS). VILIP-1 is associated with the pathology of CNS disorders including Alzheimers disease and schizophrenia. It also acts as a biomarker in ischemic stroke. VILIP-1 gene expression is found to be regulated during induction of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, underlying learning and memory processes.
Physical form
Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide.
Storage and Stability
Store at 20 °C. For continuous use, store at 2-8 °C for up to one month. For extended storage, freeze in working aliquots. Repeated freezing and thawing, or storage in “frost-free” freezers.is not recommended. If slight turbidity occurs upon prolonged storage, clarify the solution by centrifugation before use. Working dilutions should be discarded if not used within 12 hours.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

biological source	rabbit
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous solution
mol wt	antigen ~22 kDa
species reactivity	mouse, rat, human
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
concentration	~1.5 mg/mL
application(s)	western blot: 1.5-3.0 µg/mL using rat brain extracts (S1 fraction), mouse brain extracts (S1 fraction) and HEK-293T cell lysates overexpressing human VILIP-1
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P62760,
shipped in	dry ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VSNL1(7447) mouse ... Vsnl1(26950) rat ... Vsnl1(24877)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VILL antibody produced in rabbit

HPA035675 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

villin-like recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST79366,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: 1:50- 1:200
immunogen sequence	IGWFFTWDPYKWTSHPSHKEVVDGSPAAASTISEITAEVNNLRLSRWPGNGRAGAVALQALKGSQDSSENDLVRSPKSAGSRTSSSV
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	O15195,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VILL(50853)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VIM antibody produced in rabbit

HPA001762 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

Vimentin is a type III intermediary filament protein that is present in mesenchymal tissues. Vimentins regulate several cellular functions such as response to mechanical stress, cell shape, and cell movement. These proteins may also be involved in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis . Anti-VIM antibody is specific for VIM in humans.

Vimentin recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

Anti-VIM antibody produced in rabbit, a Prestige Antibody, is developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),. Each antibody is tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues. These images can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. The antibodies are also tested using protein array and western blotting. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,. Anti-VIM antibody is suitable for use in indirect immunofluorescence.
Applications in which this antibody has been used successfully, and the associated peer-reviewed papers, are given below.
Western Blotting (1 paper),
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST85020,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human, mouse
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:1000-1:2500
immunogen sequence	FANYIDKVRFLEQQNKILLAELEQLKGQGKSRLGDLYEEEMRELRRQVDQLTNDKARVEVERDNLAEDIMRLREKLQEEMLQREEAENTLQSFRQDVDNASLARLDLERKVES
conjugate	unconjugated
Featured Industry	Research Pathology
UniProt accession no.	P08670,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VIM(7431)

ZooMAb antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies.
Each ZooMAb antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.
Learn more about ZooMAb here.,
Specificity
Clone 2I13 is a rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects Vimentin. It targets an epitope within 15 amino acids from the N-terminal half.

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-Vimentin Antibody, clone 2I13 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 15 amino acids from the N-terminal half of human Vimentin.

Anti-Vimentin, clone 2I13 ZooMAb, Cat. No. ZRB1584, is a recombinant Rabbit monoclonal antibody that specifically targets Vimentin and is tested for use in Affinity Binding Assay, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), and Western Blotting.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected Vimentin in L6, U251, K562, and HEK293 cell lysates.
Affinity Binding Assay: A representative lot of this antibody bound Vimentin peptide with a KD of 5.5 x 10-7 in an affinity binding assay.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected Vimentin in human kidney tissue sections.
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user
Target description
Vimentin (UniProt: P08670) is encoded by the VIM gene (Gene ID: 7431) in human. Vimentins are class-III intermediate filaments found in various non-muscle cells. It is the major subunit protein of the intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells. Vimentin is attached to the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, either laterally or terminally. It is usually expressed by cells undergoing cell-to-cell adhesion, EMT, and cytoskeleton remodeling. It is also involved with the intracellular transport of proteins between the nucleus and plasma membrane. Vimentin is also involved in positioning autophagosomes, lysosomes and the Golgi complex within the cell. It has also been implicated to be involved in the rate of steroid synthesis via its role as a storage network for steroidogenic cholesterol containing lipid droplets. Vimentin consists of a central -helical rod domain. The N-terminal part of the rod domain is a coil 1 motif that is organized into sequences of seven amino acid residues, where every first and fourth residue is hydrophobic. The C-terminal half of the rod domain has a coil 2 motif that shows a hydrophobic pattern. The vimentin structure shown to be dynamic in cells and can be rearranged to form filaments or the soluble tetrameric protein. The head and tail domains of vimentin contain over 35 phosphorylation sites and phosphorylation of its serine residues is reported to inhibit its subunit polymerization, thus promoting the disassembly of vimentin filaments and increasing its solubility. These phosphorylations also regulate protein-protein interactions and intracellular signaling. This ZooMAb recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Danielsson, F., et al. (2018). Cells. 7(10); 147; Lowery, J., et al. (2015). J. Biol. Chem. 290(28); 17145-17153).
Physical form
Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS, 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 μL.
Reconstitution
300 μg/mL after reconstitution at 25 μL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
Storage and Stability
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 μL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	200,
recombinant	expressed in HEK 293 cells
antibody form	purified antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	2I13, monoclonal, recombinant monoclonal
product line	ZooMAb^® learn more,
form	lyophilized
mol wt	calculated mol wt 53.65 kDa, observed mol wt ~54 kDa
species reactivity	mouse, rat, human
species reactivity (predicted by homology)	bovine, porcine
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
greener alternative product characteristics	Waste Prevention Designing Safer Chemicals Design for Energy Efficiency Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry,.
enhanced validation	recombinant expression Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation,
application(s)	affinity binding assay: suitable, immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): suitable, western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG
conjugate	unconjugated
greener alternative category	Aligned,
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	2-8°C

ZooMAb antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies.
Each ZooMAb antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.
Learn more about ZooMAb here.,
Specificity
Clone 3M13 is a ZooMAb rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects Vinculin. It targets an epitope within 25 amino acids from the C-terminal half.

WGK Germany

WGK 1

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Anti-Vinculin Antibody, clone 3M13 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 25 amino acids from the C-terminal half of human Vinculin.

Quality Control Testing
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:10,000 dilution of this antibody detected Vinculin in NIH3T3 cell lysate.Tested applicationsWestern Blotting Analysis: A 1:10,000 dilution from a representative lot detected Vinculin in lysates from HeLa, Cos-7, L6 cells and mouse heart tissue.Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected Vinculin in human prostate tissue sections.Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected Vinculin in HeLa, A431, HepG2, and NIH 3T3 cells.Affinity Binding Assay: A representative lot of this antibody bound Vinculin peptides with a KD of 3.3 x 10-7 in an affinity binding assay.Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user
Anti-Vinculin, clone 3M13 ZooMAb, Cat. No. ZRB1089, is a recombinant Rabbit monoclonal antibody that targets Vinculin and has been tested for use in Affinity Binding Assay, Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), and Western Blotting.
Target description
Vinculin (UniProt: P18206; also known as Metavinculin, MV) is encoded by the VCL gene (Gene ID: 7414) in human. Vinculin is a muscle-specific, peripheral membrane protein that serves as an actin filament binding protein involved in cell-matrix adhesion and cell-cell adhesion. It regulates cell-surface E-cadherin expression and potentiates mechano-sensing by the E-cadherin complex. Its recruitment to cell-cell junctions is reported to occur in a myosin II-dependent manner and its interaction with catenin-b1 is shown to be essential for its localization to the cell-cell junctions. Vinculin exists in at least two conformations. When in the closed, ′inactive′ conformation, extensive interactions between its head and tail domains prevent detectable binding to most of its ligands. It takes on an ′active′ conformation after cooperative and simultaneous binding of two different ligands. This activation involves displacement of the head-tail interactions. The active form binds a number of proteins that have both signaling and structural roles that are important for cell adhesion. The N-terminal globular head (aa 1-835; Vh) contains subdomains D1-D4. The C-terminal tail (aa 879-1134; Vt) region binds F-actin and cross-links actin filaments into bundles. An intramolecular interaction between Vh and Vt regions masks the F-actin-binding domain that is located in Vt region. Mutations in VCL gene are reported to cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that is characterized by asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy leading to dyspnea, syncope, collapse, palpitations, and chest pain. This ZooMAb recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals.
Physical form
Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS with 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 μL.
Reconstitution
300 μg/mL after reconstitution at 25 μL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
Storage and Stability
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 μL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	200,
recombinant	expressed in HEK 293 cells
antibody form	purified antibody
clone	recombinant monoclonal
product line	ZooMAb^® learn more,
form	lyophilized
mol wt	calculated mol wt 123.8 kDa, observed mol wt ~ 125 kDa
species reactivity	rat, human, monkey, mouse
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
greener alternative product characteristics	Waste Prevention Designing Safer Chemicals Design for Energy Efficiency Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry,.
enhanced validation	recombinant expression Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation,
application(s)	affinity binding assay: suitable, immunocytochemistry: suitable, immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections): suitable, western blot: suitable
isotype	IgG
conjugate	unconjugated
greener alternative category	Aligned,
shipped in	ambient
storage temp.	2-8°C

WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VPREB3 antibody produced in rabbit HPA003041-100UL

HPA003041 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

Pre-B lymphocyte protein 3 precursor recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST73570,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:20-1:50
immunogen sequence	QLDALLVFPGQVAQLSCTLSPQHVTIRDYGVSWYQQRAGSAPRYLLYYRSEEDHHRPADIPDRFSAAKDEAHNACVLTISPVQPEDDADYYCSVGYGFSP
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q9UKI3,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VPREB3(29802)

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VPS18 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA040701 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

vacuolar protein sorting 18 homolog (S. cerevisiae) recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST81444,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:200-1:500
immunogen sequence	LYVNRNGQKVRPLARWKGQLVESVGWNKALGTESSTGPILVGTAQGHIFEAELSASEGGLFGPAPDLYFRPLYVLNEEGGPAPVCSLEAERGPDGRSFVIATT
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q9P253,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VPS18(57617)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VPS26A antibody produced in rabbit HPA057498-100UL

HPA057498 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

vacuolar protein sorting 26 homolog A (S. pombe)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST88249,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:20-1:50
isotype	IgG
immunogen sequence	LRKQRTNFHQRFESPESQASAEQPEM
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	O75436,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VPS26A(9559)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VPS28 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA024745 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

The gene VPS28 (vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog) is mapped to human chromosome 8q24.3. The encoded protein is part of the ESCRT-1 (endosomal complexes required for transport) complex. The complex participates in membrane remodelling, including multivesicular body biogenesis and cytokinesis.

Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
VPS28 (vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog) participates in various cellular events, including OGD/R (oxygen and glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation)-mediated neuronal cell death, peptide growth factors-initiated SOS1 (son of sevenless 1)-Ras signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell invasion.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST76323,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	independent orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:200-1:500
immunogen sequence	VQYKAAFRQVQGSEISSIDEFCRKFRLDCPLAMERIKEDRPITIKDDKGNLNRCIADVVSLFITVMDKLRLEIR
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q9UK41,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VPS28(51160)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VPS35 antibody produced in rabbit HPA040802-100UL

HPA040802 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

General description

Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) is a key constituent of the retromer cargo-recognition complex and is an evolutionarily highly conserved protein. The VPS35 gene is mapped to human chromosome 16q11.2.

vacuolar protein sorting 35 homolog (S. cerevisiae) recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) plays an essential role in endosome trans-Golgi trafficking and membrane-protein recycling. Genetic variations in the gene are associated with the development of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease (PD).
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST82128,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human, rat, mouse
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq RNAi knockdown
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:200
immunogen sequence	SCYVLSNVLDYNTEIVSQDQVDSIMNLVSTLIQDQPDQPVEDPDPEDFADEQSLVGRFIHLLRSEDPDQQYLILNTARKHFGAGGNQRIRFTLPPLVFAAYQLAFRYKENSKVDD
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q96QK1,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VPS35(55737)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VPS37A antibody produced in rabbit

HPA024705 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

The gene VPS37A (vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A) is mapped to human chromosome 8p22. It is part of the ESCRT-I (endosomal complexes required for transport) complex.

vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog A (S. cerevisiae) recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
VPS37A (vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A) is a part of the ESCRT-I (endosomal complexes required for transport) complex, which participates in membrane remodelling, including multivesicular body biogenesis and cytokinesis. VPS37A is downregulated in various cancers, including ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST76304,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	mouse, human, rat
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:200-1:500
immunogen sequence	DVPDAFPELSELSVSQLTDMNEQEEVLLEQFLTLPQLKQIITDKDDLVKSIEELARKNLLLEPSLEAKRQTVLDKYELLTQMKSTF
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q8NEZ2,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VPS37A(137492)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1

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Anti-VPS37B antibody produced in rabbit HPA038218-100UL

HPA038218 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST87282,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
enhanced validation	independent
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:200
immunogen sequence	GSEARFAGLSLVQLNELLEDEGQLTEMVQKMEETQNVQLNKEMTLASNRSLAEGNLLYQPQLDTLKARLTQKYQELQVLFEAYQIKKTKLDRQSSSASL
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q9H9H4,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VPS37B(79720)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VPS41 antibody produced in rabbit HPA020080-100UL

HPA020080 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

General description

Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog (VPS41) is part of the homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complex.

Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog (VPS41) may take part in the generation and fusion of transport vesicles from the Golgi apparatus. Studies have shown that the knockdown of VPS41 hinders the transport of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to lysosomes. The protein may be useful as a therapeutic target for Parkinsons disease. As an accessory protein, it is linked to the vacuolar protein sorting core along with vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 39 homolog (VPS39).
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST74843,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:20-1:50
immunogen sequence	DPILLIHRIKEGMEIPNLRDSLVKILQDYNLQILLREGCKKILVADSLSLLKKMHRTQMKGVLVDEENICESCLSPILPSDAAKPFSVVVFHCRHMFHKECLPMPSMNSAAQFCNICSAKNRGPGSAILEM
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	P49754,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VPS41(27072)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VPS45 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA027425 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

vacuolar protein sorting 45 homolog (S. cerevisiae) recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST76793,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:200-1:500
immunogen sequence	KETTGIVSMVYTQSEILQKEVYLFERIDSQNREIMKHLKAICFLRPTKENVDYIIQELRRPKYTIYFIYFSNVISKSDVKSLAEADEQEVVA
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q9NRW7,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VPS45(11311)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VPS53 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA024446 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 53 homolog recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST75997,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:200
immunogen sequence	ETFQKILDMKGLKRSEQSSMLELLRQRLPAPPSGAESSGSLSLTAPTPEQESSRIRKLEKLIK
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q5VIR6,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VPS53(55275)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VRK1 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA000660 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

Serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1 recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

Anti-VRK1 antibody produced in rabbit, a Prestige Antibody, is developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),. Each antibody is tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues. These images can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. The antibodies are also tested using immunofluorescence and western blotting. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Vaccinia Related Kinase (VRK1) is essential for nuclear envelope formation and is associated with proliferation phenotypes. VRK1 is one of the mitotic kinases that plays important roles in cell cycle, nuclear condensation and transcription regulation. Mutation in the gene disturbs cell cycle progression and may result in apoptosis of cells in the nervous system. It may act as a new target for development of inhibitors of cellular proliferation.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST70404,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	RNAi knockdown orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:200
immunogen sequence	KAAQAGRQSSAKRHLAEQFAVGEIITDMAKKEWKVGLPIGQGGFGCIYLADMNSSESVGSDAPCVVKVEPSDNGPLFTELKFYQRAAKPEQIQKWIRTRKLKYLGVPKYWGSGLHDKNGKSYRFMIMDRFGSDLQKI
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q99986,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VRK1(7443)

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields,, Gloves,, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US),
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VSIG1 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA036310 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST78267,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunofluorescence: 0.25-2 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:1000-1:2500
immunogen sequence	KAKAKAKERNSKTIAELEPMTKINPRGESEAMPREDATQLEVTLPSSIHETGPDTIQEPD
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q86XK7,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VSIG1(340547)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VSIG2 antibody produced in rabbit HPA050147-100UL

HPA050147 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST88860,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
enhanced validation	recombinant expression
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:200
isotype	IgG
immunogen sequence	GKKPKETYGGSDLREDAIAPGISEHTCMRADSSKGFLERPSSASTVTTTKSKLPMVV
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q96IQ7,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VSIG2(23584)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VSIG4 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA003903 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 4 Precursor recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project (www.proteinatlas.org),and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. To view these protocols, and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige,.
Biochem/physiol Actions
V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4 (VSIG4) is a new inhibitor of the B7 superfamily. It is referred to as CRIg and Z39IG. It is implicated in the clearance of systemic pathogens and autologous cells. It is exclusively expressed on tissue resident macrophages and binds to multimers of C3b and iC3b that are covalently attached to particle surfaces. Its extracellular domain inhibits complement activation through the alternative pathways and function as an important clearance receptor. It also acts as a potential diagnostic marker of severe preeclampsia.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST74396,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq orthogonal RNAseq
application(s)	immunoblotting: 0.04-0.4 µg/mL","immunohistochemistry: 1:200-1:500
immunogen sequence	PPISYIWYKQQTNNQEPIKVATLSTLLFKPAVIADSGSYFCTAKGQVGSEQHSDIVKFVVKDSSKLLKTKTEAPTTMTYPLKATSTVKQSWDWTTDMDGYL
conjugate	unconjugated
UniProt accession no.	Q9Y279,
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... VSIG4(11326)

RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	WGK 1
Flash Point F	Not applicable
Flash Point C	Not applicable

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Anti-VSIG8 antibody produced in rabbit

HPA023219 Human Protein Atlas characterization data

VSIG8 (V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 8) is present in the stratified epithelia of hair follicle, nail and oral cavity. It is a transmembrane protein and belongs to the CTX (cortical thymocyte marker in Xenopus) family of proteins. The gene is mapped to human chromosome 1q23.

V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 8 Precursor recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

Corresponding Antigen APREST72386,.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide

biological source	rabbit
Quality Level	100,
antibody form	affinity isolated antibody
antibody product type	primary antibodies
clone	polyclonal
product line	Prestige Antibodies^® Powered by Atlas Antibodies
form	buffered aqueous glycerol solution
species reactivity	human
packaging	antibody small pack of 25 µL
enhanced validation	orthogonal RNAseq Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation,
application(s)	immunohistochemistry: 1:20- 1:50
immunogen sequence	LDPEDYGPNGLDIEWMQVNSDPAHHRENVFLSYQDKRINHGSLPHLQQRVRFAASDPSQYDASINLMNLQVSDTATYECRVKKTTMATRKVIVTVQARPAVPMCWTEGHMTYGNDVVLKCYASGGSQPLSYKWAK
conjugate	unconjugated
shipped in	wet ice
storage temp.	20°C
Gene Information	human ... C1orf204(284677)